浅析旅游合同违约精神损害赔偿的构成要件——基于83份判决书的视角

A brief analysis of the constitutive elements of compensation for spiritual damage caused by breach of contract in tourism:Based on the Perspective of 83 Judgments

2001年最高人民法院首次对审判实践中的精神损害赔偿问题作出专门规定,但并没有规定违约中的精神损害赔偿。《民法典》进一步明确了精神损害责任的适用范围。《民法典》颁布实施以来,在司法实践领域,人民法院已经支持旅游合同违约精神损害赔偿请求,只是在构成要件的认识上有差别。文章认为,适用违反旅游合同精神损害赔偿制度的构成要件主要包括:存在违约行为;侵害自然人的人格权或者人格权益;违约行为与所造成的精神利益受损之间存在因果关系;造成严重精神损害。

In 2001,the Supreme People s Court made specialized stipulations for the first time on the issue of mental damage compensation in judicial practice;however,it did not regulate mental damage compensation in cases of contract breach.The Civil Code has further clarified the application scope of liability for mental damage.Since the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code,in the domain of judicial practice,people s courts have supported requests for mental damage compensation for breach of tourism contracts,although there are disparities in the understanding of the constitutive elements.The paper contends that the constitutive elements applicable to the mental damage compensation system for breach of tourism contracts primarily encompass:the existence of a contract breach;the violation of the personality rights or personality interests of natural persons;the causal relationship between the contract breach and the impairment of mental interests;and the infliction of severe mental harm.