黄河流经省域国家级自然保护区管理成效评估

The assessment of the management effectiveness of national nature reserves in the provinces through which the Yellow River flows

开展自然保护区管理成效评估是实现保护管理目标的有效途径,但我国现有管理评估多集中于单一、同类型、同省域内的自然保护区,对中大型尺度多类型自然保护区管理成效的评估较少。黄河流经省域分布着许多国家重点生态功能区,国家级自然保护区作为生态屏障的重要基础,在维持区域生态安全方面具有突出作用。为促进区域生态保护和高质量发展,本文通过构建5类共26项的管理成效评估指标体系,采用基于证据的专家打分法,评估了黄河流经省域内82处国家级自然保护区2016—2020年间的管理成效,在识别影响管理成效关键因素的基础上提出了针对性的对策建议。结果表明:①2016年以来,黄河流经省域82处国家级自然保护区管理成效总体较好,优秀率达26.83%,良好率达64.63%,主要体现在管理主体、本底调查、保护对象等指标的平均得分较高。②Spearman相关分析表明,管理级别越高、建立越早,公共服务、规章制度、经费保障等方面越完善的保护区管理成效越好;此外,基础设施与日常巡护,科研监测与科普宣教、信息化建设,社区关系与生态修复、保护对象指标间存在显著正相关;③管理成效的短板主要体现在人才建设、综合执法、社区发展、人类干扰等方面,建议有关单位在人才队伍、行政执法、生态补偿等方面加以完善,以提升管理效果。

Assessing the management effectiveness of nature reserves is an effective way to achieve conservation and management objectives,but China′s existing management assessment has focused on a single and same type within the same province,and lacks the assessment of the management effectiveness of multiple types of nature reserves in the medium-to-large scale.The provinces through which the Yellow River flows contain many national key ecological function areas and national-level nature reserves.As an important foundation of the ecological barrier,these areas and reserves play a prominent role in maintaining regional ecological security.In order to promote regional ecological protection and high-quality development,this study evaluated the management effectiveness of the 82 national nature reserves in the provinces which the Yellow River flows during the period from 2016 to 2020 by constructing a management effectiveness assessment index system of 26 items in 5 categories,and adopting an evidence-based expert scoring method.Then based on the identification of key factors affecting management effectiveness,the study proposed targeted countermeasure suggestions.The results showed that:①The management effectiveness of the 82 national nature reserves in the provincial area through which the Yellow River flows has been generally good since 2016,with an excellent rate of 26.83%and a good rate of 64.63%,which mainly reflected in the higher average scores of the indicators of the management main body,the background survey,and the protection objects.②Spearman correlation analysis showed that the higher the management level,the earlier the establishment,the better public services,rules and regulations and financial security of the nature reserve,the more management effectiveness of the nature reserve.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between the indicators of infrastructure and daily patrols,scientific research monitoring and popularization of science and informatization,community relations and ecological restoration,and protection objects;③Shortcomings of the management effectiveness mainly reflected in the construction of talents,comprehensive law enforcement,community development,and the protection of the target.The shortcomings of management effectiveness mainly reflected in talent construction,comprehensive law enforcement,community development,and human interference,etc.The study suggested that the relevant units should improve the talent team,administrative law enforcement,and ecological compensation in order to enhance the management effectiveness.