大学生纵跳能力、下肢等速肌力及其相关性研究

A Study on Characteristics and Correlation of Vertical Jump Ability and Lower Limb Isokinetic Muscle Strength of College Students

为分析男女大学生纵跳能力特征和下肢三关节等速肌力特征,并探究两者之间的关系,利用EZEjump无线纵跳测试系统获得大学生单、双腿半蹲跳和下蹲跳高度,Con⁃trex等速肌力测试系统获得其下肢等速肌力特征。结果显示:(1)男性纵跳高度与髋、膝关节峰力矩相关,其中半蹲跳高度与髋关节伸肌群快速测试峰力矩更相关,而下蹲跳与膝关节伸肌群快速测试峰力矩更相关;(2)女性单腿半蹲跳高度与慢速测试下髋关节屈肌峰力矩和屈伸比相关,双腿半蹲跳高度与快速测试下踝关节屈肌肌力差异相关;(3)研究结果表明,男性发展髋、膝关节屈伸肌群力量可以提高其纵跳高度,其中针对性的发展髋关节伸肌爆发力和膝关节伸肌爆发力可分别提高其半蹲跳高度和下蹲跳高度;女性纵跳高度与各关节肌群力量之间相关性不显著;男女单腿纵跳高度与各关节屈伸比之间相关性不显著。异侧同名肌力差异<10%时,男女双腿纵跳高度不会受到肌力差异的影响。

To analyze the characteristics of vertical jumping ability and lower limb isokinetic muscle strength in male and female college students and to investigate the relationship between them.EZEjump Test System was used to obtain single and double leg SJ and CMJ vertical jump height;Con-trex Test System was used to obtain lower limb isokinetic muscle strength characteristics.The result showed that:(1)Male vertical jump height was correlated with hip and knee peak torque,with the SJ being more correlated with hip extensor group rapid test peak torque and the CMJ being more correlated with knee extensor group rapid test peak torque;(2)In females,single-leg SJ height was correlated with hip flexor peak torque and hip flexionextension ratios under slow testing,and double-leg SJ height was correlated with differences in ankle flexor muscle strength under fast testing.(3)Male development of hip and knee muscle group strength can improve their vertical jump height,which targeted development of hip extensor explosive strength and knee extensor explosive strength can improve their SJ height and CMJ height,respectively.However,in females,there was no statistically significant correlation between vertical jump height and strength of each joint muscle group.In males and females,there was no statistically significant correlation between single-leg vertical jump height and flexion-extension ratio of each joint.When the difference in bilateral muscle strength was<10%,the asymmetry in muscle strength did not affect the double-leg vertical jump height.