高原环境山区道路农用拖拉机掺烧生物柴油污染物排放因子类型量化研究

Multi-type quantitative study on emission factors of agricultural tractors blended with bio-diesel in mountainous areas of plateau environment

分析农用拖拉机在高原环境山区道路下行驶时掺烧大豆油B10(10%大豆油生物柴油+90%柴油)、B30(30%大豆油生物柴油+70%柴油)、地沟油W10(10%地沟油生物柴油+90%柴油)与柴油排放污染物的情况。结果表明:有效燃油消耗率(BSFC)随发动机转速升高而降低,而生物柴油油比例的提高会导致BSFC增加。此外,通过发动机功率、燃油消耗量、行驶速度及行驶时间4个方面,对农用拖拉机排放的CO、NO_(x)、CO_(2)及HC的排放因子进行了表征。在CO排放方面,与大豆油B10相比,大豆油B30的生物柴油油比例增加,基于发动机功率的排放因子下降了6.18%。大豆油B10、B30和地沟油W10基于发动机功率的排放因子与柴油相比分别降低了23.66%、24.13%和26.85%。在NO_(x)排放方面,掺烧大豆油B10与地沟油W10时,基于发动机功率的地沟油W10的排放因子比大豆油B10高6.24%;在CO_(2)排放方面,基于燃油消耗量的排放因子显示,大豆油B10、B30和地沟油W10均高于柴油,这表明掺烧生物柴油可促进更充分的燃烧,从而增加CO_(2)排放。在HC排放方面,基于发动机功率的生物柴油HC排放因子值均高于柴油,且基于发动机功率的HC排放因子是《非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》推荐值1.52倍。随着生物柴油油比例的增加,基于燃油消耗量的HC排放因子也相应增加。

Analysis of agricultural tractors burning soybean oil B10(10% soybean oil biodiesel + 90% diesel),B30(30% soybean oil biodiesel + 70% diesel),and waste cooking oil W10(10% waste cooking oil + 90% diesel) when driving on mountainous roads in a plateau environment and diesel pollutant emissions.The results show that the effective fuel consumption rate(BSFC) decreases as the engine speed increases,while the increase in the proportion of biodiesel oil will lead to an increase in BSFC.In addition,the emission factors of CO,NOx,CO_(2) and HC emitted by agricultural tractors were characterized through four aspects:engine power,fuel consumption,driving speed and driving time.In terms of CO emissions,compared with soybean oil B10,the proportion of biodiesel oil in soybean oil B30 increased,and the emission factor based on engine power decreased by 6.18%.Compared with diesel,the emission factors of soybean oil B10,B30 and waste cooking oil W10 based on engine power are reduced by23.66%,24.13% and 26.85% respectively.In terms of NOx emissions,when soybean oil B10 and waste cooking oil W10 are blended,the emission factor of waste cooking oil W10 based on engine power is 6.24% higher than soybean oil B10;in terms of CO_(2) emissions,the emission factor based on fuel consumption shows that soybean oil B10,B30 and waste cooking oil W10 are all higher than diesel,which shows that blending biodiesel can promote more complete combustion,thereby increasing CO_(2) emissions.In terms of HC emissions,the HC emission factor values of biodiesel based on engine power are higher than those of diesel,and the HC emission factor based on engine power is 1.52 times the recommended value in the "Technical Guidelines for the Preparation of Non-Road Mobile Source Air Pollutant Emission Inventories".As the proportion of biodiesel oil increases,the HC emission factor based on fuel consumption also increases accordingly.