比特币去匿名化技术研究综述

Survey of Bitcoin de-anonymization technology

比特币系统基于区块链技术,具备去中心化、无国界、匿名性等特点,受到产学研界广泛关注。然而,比特币系统在为用户提供隐私保护的同时,也为不法分子开展非法活动提供便利。因此,去匿名化技术研究持续进行并取得系列成果。现有综述多关注隐私保护方案,缺乏去匿名化技术系统梳理。基于此,从用户身份识别、关联地址识别、资金链路追踪3个维度分析现有去匿名化技术及其效果,总结发展现状和难点,并指出未来研究方向。

The Bitcoin system,based on blockchain technology,features decentralization,borderlessness,and anonymity,drawing widespread attention from academia and industry.While providing privacy protection for users,the Bitcoin sys‐tem also facilitates illegal activities.Consequently,de-anonymization techniques have been actively researched,yielding a series of research results.Existing surveys primarily focus on privacy protection schemes,lacking a systematic analysis of de-anonymization techniques.The existing de-anonymization techniques and their effectiveness were analyzed from three dimensions,user identity identification,associated address recognition,and asset flow tracing.The current develop‐ment status and challenges are summarized,and future research directions are pointed out.