摘要
为促进甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)氮肥高效利用,以甘蔗品种桂糖42号为材料,采用田间微区^(15)N示踪技术分析秋季(8月20日)、春季(2月20日)和夏季(5月20日)播种甘蔗的氮肥利用效率及去向。结果表明,3个播期新植蔗吸收的N有21.56%~33.93%来自当季施用的氮肥,氮肥利用率、残留率和损失率分别为16.84%~21.50%、42.71%~47.45%和31.05%~39.43%;宿根蔗吸收的N来自上季施用氮肥的比率为6.65%~9.16%,上季氮肥在宿根季的利用率、残留率和损失率分别为4.15%~6.58%、30.25%~31.26%和8.31%~9.61%。3个播期两季甘蔗氮肥残留均随土层深度的增加而大幅递减,但0~40 cm土层残留以夏季播种较多,40~60 cm土层残留以秋季播种较多。秋季播种两季蔗茎干物质积累量为59693.69 kg·hm^(-2),较春季、夏季播种增加2.74%和34.43%;夏季播种两季甘蔗的氮肥利用率为28.08%,较秋季、春季播种提高4.63和6.58个百分点;春季播种两季甘蔗的氮肥损失率为47.85%,较秋季、夏季播种增加1.54和7.19个百分点。可见,甘蔗秋季播种产量较高,夏季播种氮肥吸收较多、损失较少,但夏季播种新植蔗吸收的大量氮肥未能转化为增产效应。本研究结果可为优化广西甘蔗氮肥施用提供科学依据。
In order to promote the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in sugarcane(Saccharum spp.),the micro-field experiments with^(15)N tracer technique were performed to investigate nitrogen utilization efficiency and fate in three planting seasons of autumn(20th August),spring(20th February)and summer(20th May),using the sugarcane cultivar Guitang 42 as the experimental material.The results showed that 21.56%-33.93%of the nitrogen absorbed by new planted sugarcane in the three planting seasons was derived from the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the current cropping,and the nitrogen utilization rate,residual rate and loss rate ranged from 16.84%-21.50%,42.71%-47.45%and 31.05%-39.43%,respectively.The rate of nitrogen absorbed by ratoon sugarcane from last-season nitrogen fertilizer application was 6.65%-9.16%,and the utilization rate,residual rate and loss rate of nitrogen in last-season nitrogen fertilizer application were 4.15%-6.58%,30.25%-31.26%and 8.31%-9.61%,respectively.The nitrogen residues greatly decreased with the increasing of soil depth for three seasons planted sugarcane,but the residues in 0-40 cm soil layer were more for summer planted sugarcane and more in 40-60 cm soil layer for autumn planted sugarcane.The total stalk dry matter accumulation of autumn planted sugarcane was 59693.69 kg·hm^(-2),which increased by 2.74%and 34.43%compared with that of spring planted sugarcane and summer planted sugarcane,respectively.The total nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer planted sugarcane was 28.08%,which was 4.63 and 6.58 percentage points higher than that of autumn planted sugarcane and spring planted sugarcane,respectively.The total nitrogen loss rate of spring planted sugarcane was 47.85%,which was 1.54 and 7.19 percentage points more than that of autumn planted sugarcane and summer planted sugarcane,respectively.Therefore,the yield of autumn planted sugarcane were higher,and more nitrogen fertilizer was absorbed and less nitrogen fertilizer was lost in summer planted sugarcane,but the large amount of nitrogen fertilizer absorbed by new summer planted sugarcane could not be transformed into yield increasing.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing the application of nitrogen fertilizer of sugarcane planting in Guangxi.
作者
韦剑锋
韦冬萍
胡桂娟
罗小芬
吴炫柯
胡文莉
黄锴霖
马纪
WEI Jianfeng;WEI Dongping;HU Guijuan;LUO Xiaofen;WU Xuanke;HU Wenli;HUANG Kailin;MA Ji(Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545006;Liuzhou Institute of Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545616;Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Liuzhou,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545005)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
北大核心
2025年第2期369-376,共8页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860593)
广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297015)
广西糖资源绿色加工重点实验室开放课题(GXTZYKF202201)
广西大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202313639026)。
关键词
甘蔗
播种期
^(15)N示踪
氮肥利用
氮素残留
sugarcane
planting season
^(15)N tracer technique
nitrogen utilization
nitrogen residue