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大学生“蹲考族”现象研究:理性人假设的视角

Research on the Phenomenon of“Dunkaozu”among College Students:from the Hypothesis of Rational Man Perspective
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摘要 近年来,大学生就业形势日益严峻,越来越多的失业大学生选择了“蹲考”。访谈和问卷调查发现,蹲考族表现为以自愿性蹲考为主、获得家庭支持、期望到体制内单位和大城市或家乡城市就业等特征。从理性人假设的角度来看,蹲考族现象的原因在于蹲考的预期收益大于预期成本。严峻的就业形势降低了蹲考的机会成本,家庭的支持增强了蹲考族对经济成本和心理成本的承受能力;蹲考的预期收益包括更多的就业机会和更高的就业质量。蹲考是失业大学生为了实现预期收益最大化的理性选择,是一种人力资本投资行为,体现了一种自立自强的奋斗精神和人生态度,无法也无必要完全消除。应对蹲考族现象的解决思路在于:提高其考试成功概率,提高大学生就业率和就业质量。 Recent years has witnessed more and more graduates,under high employment pressure,cornered to act as“Dunkaozu”(“the squatting test group”,i.e.those unemployed college-degree candidates with sole preference to posts of governmental organizations or public institutions).According to the interview and questionnaire surveys conducted,most of them are voluntary to be a squatter,they get support from family,and they expect to work in government-sponsored organizations or institutions in big cities or hometown cities.From the perspective of hypothesis of rational man,such a social phenomenon is available in that the expected benefit is greater than the expected cost.The expected cost includes opportunity cost,economic cost and psychological cost-the severe employment situation has reduced the opportunity cost,and the support of family has lessened their economic and psychological costs;the expected benefit includes more employment opportunities and higher employment quality.“Dunkao”is a rational choice for unemployed graduates based on the maximization of the expected benefits,and it is a kind of human capital investment behavior,telling a kind of struggle spirit and life attitude of self-reliance,which can not and need not be completely eliminated.To deal with the phenomenon,it is urgent to enhance their chances of success in the exam,and improve the employment rate and quality.
作者 吴克明 欧阳奥琪 冯帮 WU Ke-ming;OUYANG Ao-qi;FENG Bang(School of Education Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;School of Education Science,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou 510665,China)
出处 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2025年第1期72-84,共13页 Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金 2019年度国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“比较视野下高等教育与社会流动的关系变迁研究”(BFA190058)。
关键词 蹲考族 理性人假设 预期收益 预期成本 人力资本投资 大学生就业 代际流动 Dunkaozu hypothesis of rational man expected benefit expected cost human capital investment employment of college students intergeneration mobility
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