我国农民田间学校的现状、问题及对策

The present status,problems and solving strategies of the farmer field schools in China

农民田间学校是联合国粮农组织发起的农民参加的田间培训项目 ,在东南亚地区水稻害虫综合防治的实施中发挥了重要作用。十几年来 ,该项目在我国取得一定成绩 ,但发展缓慢 ,主要原因是我国农民经营耕地面积过小 ,平均为 0 4hm2 /户 ,受训后当年增加的经济收益仅约 30 0元 /户 ,难以调动农民的积极性 ,严重制约了项目的推广。解决途径是从南方转向北方农区以吸收种植大户 ,并从水稻等大宗作物转向蔬菜和其他高净产值的作物。在社区害虫综合防治阶段 ,政府仍应发挥服务职能。

The farmer field school (FFS) is a farmer-training projects sponsored by the UN-FAO, which has been successful in the implementation of IPM in rice in the South-eastern Asia. Since over 10 years ago, this project has obtained some achievements in a slow way in China. The authors believe that the main reason for the slowness is due to the too small crop-land owners. Working on an average area of 0.4 hm 2 /family, a small fraction of that in the South-eastrn Asia, a family may increase RMB 300 yuan in a year even after being trained in FFS, which is hard to attract farmers' interest and so, delays the extension. It is suggested that project stress turn from the southern to northern areas to attract the large crop-land owners, and from the staple crops like rice to vegetables and other crops producing high net return. At the stage of community-wide of IPM, the governments at different levels should still play important roles in agricultural service.