栉孔扇贝中国种群与日本种群杂交一代的中期生长发育

The medium-term growth and development of hybrid between Chinese and Japanese populations of Chlamys farreri

在对栉孔扇贝中国种群(C)和日本种群(J)的亲本后代及其正反交两个杂交种群的杂交个体9月龄生长发育研究的基础上,进行了各种群的中期(11、13、16、18月龄)生长发育比较研究。结果表明,中国种群的生长速度略低于日本种群;正反两个杂交组合的杂种群体的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体重4个生长发育指标在中期4个测定阶段生长速度均高于亲本种群,表现出不同程度的杂种优势,其范围在5%～50%之间,J♀×C♂杂交组合优于C♀×J♂杂交组合;杂种优势在性状间存在明显差别,体重的杂种优势远大于壳长、壳高和壳宽,变化趋势为体重>壳高>壳长>壳宽;生长发育季节对栉孔扇贝各个性状的生长速度影响非常大,18月龄处于冬季最寒冷的时间,栉孔扇贝在第2个冬季不仅停止生长,而且体重降低,越冬期间仅能维持生命。

Based on the research of juvenile (9 months) growth and survival of three populations of Chlamys farreri from two different geographic areas in Dalian of China and Ishinomaki of Japan and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese population (C)♀×Japanese population (J)♂ and Japanese population (J)♀×Chinese population (C)♂, the study of the mediumterm(11,13,16,18 months) growth and development of C. farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed heterosis of varying degrees (5%-50%) for growth in two types of F1 hybrids and the offspring derived from J♀×C♂had a higher heterosis than the offspring derived from C♀×J♂; the uptrend among traits are live weight>shell length>shell height>shell width; Japanese population slightly exceeds Chinese population; and season influence on the daily increment and growth rate of each trait of C. farreri was highly significant and it is losing weight in a state of survival in winter (18 month).