从鞑靼利亚到亚洲俄罗斯与中亚:17～20世纪初的东方主义、地理考察与空间建构

From Tatar Leah to Asian Russian and Middle Asia:Easternism,Geographic Expedition and Spacial Construction from 17th Century to the Early 20th Century

航海大发现使得欧洲对于世界体系的认知走在前列。地理作为描绘新世界的重要方式和技术手段,欧洲学者建立了一套基于'西方—东方'的二元结构体系,并以此划分了欧洲与亚洲。跻身欧洲国家的沙皇俄国在亚洲腹地的巨大利益,通过科学考察,描绘出精确的地表、地貌等地理要素,将原来欧洲认为的'鞑靼利亚'构建为'亚洲俄罗斯',基于文明等级的世界地理观念来统治亚洲腹地,从空间上重新建构了'中亚'。亚洲俄罗斯在文明等级上低于欧洲俄罗斯。当代'一带一路'倡议需要重新反思'中亚'概念背后的俄式东方主义与文明等级观,重新理解中国与周边、城外的时空关系。

The marine discovery enabled the Europeans’cognition of the world being at the leading position.Geography is the important way and technological means for describing the new world,the European scholars built a set of binary conatruction system on the base of'West-East',and divided Europe and Asia according to it The Europeanized Tsarist Russia owned huge profit in Asia,gave accurate geographic description,changed the Tatar Leah to Asian Russia and ruled the central Asia on the base of civilization level of the world geographic view,rebuilt'Middle Asia'from the space.Asian Russia was inferior to European Russia on the civilization level,The Belt and Road initiative needs to rethink the Russian orientalism behind the concept of'middle Aisa'and the concept of civilization hierarchy,re-understand the time-space relationship between China and its neighbor countries.