高中生科学兴趣、科学价值观及科学素养性别差异的实证研究

Gender Gaps in Interest,Value and Literacy of Science:An Empirical Study on Chinese Senior High School Students

科学与性别的关系问题,经常受到女性主义研究者的关注。本文利用"青少年科技竞赛活动项目评估及跟踪管理"项目的调研数据,采用描述统计和计量模型方法,对我国高中生科学兴趣、科学价值观和科学素养的性别差异问题进行了深入研究。结果发现,性别差异现象在高中生的科学兴趣、科学价值观方面存在,男生的科学兴趣、价值观显著高于女生,而且男生从事科学相关活动的频率也远远高于女生;不过,男生的科学素养及其能力上虽然高于女生,但多数情况下差异并不显著。我国政府在制定科学教育相关政策时,应该适当考虑性别因素,注重提高女生的科学兴趣,端正她们的科学态度,帮助她们进一步提高自身的科学素养,而且有必要在科学教育和媒体教育中渗透性别意识,引导更多的中国女性进入科学研究领域,从事科学相关职业。

The issue of science and gender has been studied by feminists frequently.With data from ' Assessment and Dynamic Monitoring on Program of Youth ' s Scientific Contest ',this paper applies descriptive statistics and OLS model to study the issue of gender difference in senior high school students ' sci entific interest,value and literacy at the individual,family,school and area lev els.The study reveals that,there exists gender difference in scientific interest and value,with boys greater than girls;boys are also more involved in sci ence-related activities;boys perform better in scientific literacy,while this dif ference is statistically insignificant.It suggests that the government should con sider gender in making science education policies,through inspiring girls ' scien tific interest,reshaping their positive attitudes to science,and improving their scientific literacy.To modern China,it ' s necessary to enhance gender perspec tive in science education and media education,in order to lead more females in to scientific research and science-related profession.