B群流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗的研究进展

Progress in research on group B meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine

流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)是一种由革兰阴性的奈瑟双球菌导致的呼吸道传染病,以急性脑膜炎和败血症为主要症状。根据脑膜炎奈瑟双球菌荚膜多糖的特征可将其菌株至少分为12个血清群,其中A、B、C、W135、Y血清群是主要的致病菌群,随着A、C、Y、W135血清群菌株多糖疫苗的广泛应用,有效控制了相应血清群脑膜炎的流行,B血清群成为流脑主要的流行菌群之一,因此研制有效的疫苗对于预防流脑流行至关重要。本文对B血清群流脑疫苗研究所用抗原成分的变异程度、作用机制和免疫原性作一综述,同时对两种已批准上市的B血清群流脑疫苗进行比较。

Objective Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is respiratory infectious disease caused by Gram negative Neisseria meningitidis,of which the main symptoms are acute meningitis and septicemia.According to the characters of capsular polysaccharide,N.meningitidis strains are divided into at least twelve groups,among which A,B,C,W135 and Y are major pathogenic groups.With the wide application of groups A,C,Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,the cerebrospinal meningitis caused by above-mentioned groups has been controlled effectively,while B has become one of the major pathogenic groups,thus it is important to develop effective vaccines against N.meningitidis of the said group.This article reviews the variation degree,action mechanism and immunogenicity of antigen components used for development of group B meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine and compares the two kinds of approved vaccines.