《跨境水道与国际湖泊保护和利用公约》的全球化及其对中国的影响研究

The Globalizaion of the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes and Its Prospective Impacts on China

联合国欧洲经济委员会的《跨境水道与国际湖泊保护和利用公约》不仅规定了缔约方的具体义务和详细的执行标准,而且缔造了以缔约方会议为中心的制度框架,从而有效促进了欧经委区域内的跨境水合作。2015年10月,公约扫除了'全球化'的最后一道程序障碍,正式向区域外的所有联合国成员开放,从而成为跨境水资源领域第二部全球性公约。公约全球化也为中国及周边国家开启了加入公约的大门。近期我国不宜加入该公约,但应密切关注其框架内涉及中国的工作、周边国家参加公约活动的情况、公约强化执行的动向以及与《联合国国际水道非航行使用法公约》之间的冲突与协调,并做好应对准备。

The 1992 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes(hereinafter called "Water Convention") not only includes the obligations of the Parties and detailed standards for implementation,but also creates an institutional framework around the Meeting of the Parties,efficiently promoting the transboundary water cooperation within the Region of the Economic Commission for Europe.In October 2015,Ukrainian parliament passed a law accepting the amendment to the Convention.It was the final ratification needed to ensure that countries outside the UNECE region can accede to the Convention,and lifts the last legal hurdle to the Convention’s globalization,with which,the Water Convention has become the second global water convention and opened its door to China and its neighbors.It is better for China not to join the Convention in the near future,but we should pay close attention to the China-related work within the Convention’s framework,China’s neighbors’ participation in the Convention activities,the efforts to strengthen the implementation of the Convention,and the conflict and harmonization between the Water Convention and the UN Convention on the Law on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses.