新疆加工番茄及其产地环境重金属污染评价

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Processing Tomato and its Origin Environment in Xinjiang

【目的】明确新疆加工番茄及其产地环境重金属污染水平,对其安全性进行风险评价,并提出相应的风险控制措施。【方法】以新疆昌吉市、和硕县、焉耆县三个加工番茄主产区为研究区域,采集27份表层土壤(0~20 cm)、17份灌溉水和27份加工番茄样品,使用原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光法、分光光度法定铅、镉、汞、砷、铬元素质量比,运用风险评价法评价加工番茄产地环境(土壤、灌溉水等)重金属污染程度及其风险大小,明确重点防控因子。【结果】昌吉市、焉耆县、和硕县三个番茄主产区土壤、灌溉水和加工番茄中5种重金属元素质量比均低于国家标准中最大允许限量。土壤Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr单因子污染指数分别为0.062、0.31、0.38、0.58、0.17,内梅罗指数为0.46。【结论】(1)从重金属污染等级来说,表层土壤、灌溉水和加工番茄均处于安全级别;(2)从风险控制的角度来说,Cd是今后番茄主产区土壤需要重点监控的重金属污染因子。

【Objective】This project aims to identify the level of the heavy metal residue in processing tomato and its origin environment in Xinjiang and to assess and analyze the safety of the level of residue,finally to propose the control measures to manage the risk. 【Method】This experiment was conducted at Changji City,Hoxud County and Yanqi County,the three main producing areas of the processing potato in Xinjiang. The total of 27 surface soil samples( 0- 20 cm) and corresponding 27 processing tomato samples and 17 irrigating water samples were collected,then atomic absorption spectroscopy,atomic fluorescence spectrometry,and spectrophotometric method were adopted to determine the content of Hg,As,Pb,Cd and Cr in these samples respectively. The level of the pollution and the magnitude of the risk from heavy metal in original environment( including soil and irrigating water) was assessed by risk evaluation method.【Result】The results showed that the residues of Hg,As,Pb,Cd and Cr in soil,irrigation water and tomato samples from the three main producing areas were all below the maximum residue limit requirement of the national standard. Single factor pollution indexes of Hg,As,Pb,Cd and Cr in soil were 0. 062,0. 31,0. 38,0. 58,0. 17,and the Nemero index was 0. 46.【Conclusion】( 1) According to the level of the heavy metal pollution,surface layer soil,irrigation water and processing tomato were all at the safety grade.( 2) From the risk management perspective,Cd was the main heavy metal pollution factor which needed our intensive monitoring in the future.