糖料蔗等价配方施肥农艺及品质性状比较分析

Comparative Analysis on Agronomic and Quality Characters of Sugarcane with Equivalent Fertilizer Formula

为研究糖料蔗等价配方施肥的农艺性状和产量效益状况,筛选适合广西来宾市蔗区的施肥配方。以糖料蔗绿色高产高糖为目标,将前期试验筛选的5个施肥配方和常规施肥配方(CK)作为研究对象,选用新台糖22号,采取小区试验与大田示范(表证试验)相结合的评价方法,对各施肥配方处理糖料蔗的农艺性状和产量效益进行比较和分析。结果表明,在广西来宾地区具有推广价值的糖料蔗施肥配方为F2和F5施肥配方,理论产蔗量分别比CK增产5.97和1.80t/hm^2,分别比CK提高6.74%和2.03%;甘蔗蔗糖分分别比CK增加0.18和0.06个百分点;理论产糖量分别比CK增加1.00和0.31t/hm^2,分别比CK提高8.16%和2.53%。总体来看,F2施肥配方优于CK且差异显著,F2施肥配方氮磷钾比例较为均匀,CK施肥配方存在重施氮肥、轻施磷钾肥,结合广西来宾市兴宾区蔗地土壤养分状况分析,氮磷钾施用量和比例合理并注重加施微量元素对提高糖料蔗生产效益有促进作用;F5施肥配方与CK相比差异不显著,但F5施肥配方重施生物有机肥,减少了化肥的施用量,可逐步改良和培肥土壤,符合绿色和生态农业的发展理念。大田示范(表证试验)结果与小区试验结果基本吻合。

In order to study the agronomic characters and yield benefit of sucrose equivalent fertilizer formula,fertilization formulations suitable for this area were selected.The green high yield and high sugar content of sugarcane was taken as the target,five fertilization formulations and conventional fertilization formula(CK),and Xintaitang 22 were selected as material.The agronomic characters and yield benefit of sugarcane under different fertilization formulas were compared and analyzed by using the combination of plot test and field demonstration(demonstration test).The results showed that the formula of sugarcane fertilizer was F2 and F5,and the ratio of theoretical yield of sugarcane to sugarcane yield was higher than that of F5 in Laibin of Guangxi.The theory yield increased 5.97(6.74%)and 1.80 t/hm^2(2.03%)than CK.Sucrose content increased by 0.18 and 0.06 percentage points than CK,respectively.The theoretical sugar yield of F2 and F5 increased 1.00(8.16%)and 0.31 t/hm^2(2.53%)than that of CK,respectively.On the whole,the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of F2 was more uniform than that of CK,which contained higher nitrogen fertilizer but in phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.Based on the analysis of soil nutrient status of sugarcane field in Laibin,the results showed that the application rate and proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was reasonable,and the application of trace elements could promote sugarcane yield.There was no significant difference between the F5 and CK.F5 fertilizer formula reapplied bio-organic fertilizer,reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer,and gradually improved and fertilized the soil,which was in line with the development concept of green and ecological agriculture.The results of field demonstration were basically consistent with the results of plot test.