试论张炎《词源》对后世词论的影响

A Tentative Analysis of Zhang Yan' Ciyuan Influence upon the Posterity in the Ancient Chinese Criticism of Ci

南宋末年 ,词人张炎为总结一代词章而著《词源》。在论著中 ,他推崇白石 ,力倡雅正 ,标举清空。“雅正”是张炎论词的基本原则 ,“清空”则是他论词的理想境界、最高的美学要求。形成于康熙前期的浙西词派 ,以及嘉庆年间由浙西词派衍变的常州词派 ,其二者的词学理论虽和张炎主雅正、清空的理论一脉相承 ,有千丝万缕的联系 ,但他们的理论却不尽相同。由此 ,可以说《词源》代表了词论的一个时代。

As the survivor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Y an' Ciyuan became the summarization of one generation. In this Ciyuan, Zhang Ya n canonized Jiang Kui, which suggested that Ci should have the characteristics of Ya-zheng and Qing-Kong. The Ya-zheng is the basic fundamental of criticis m of Ci, the Qing-Kong is ideal state, and also the hightest aesthetic pursuit. The Zhexi school of Ci had formed in the early Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and then had developed the Changzhou school of Ci in the ages Jiaqing of the Qing D ynasty, but theoretics of both schools are defferent entirely, although it devel oped from Zhang Yan' theory of Ya-zheng and Qing-Kong. Therefore, Zhang Yan' Ciyuan was the representation of criticism of Ci in an epoch.