河沟流域土壤水分空间变化及植被分布与生物量研究

Study on Spatial Variety of Soil Moisture and Distribution of Vegetation and Biomass in Hegou Small Watershed

以河沟流域土壤含水量测定和植被调查为基础 ,综合分析了不同地貌与土地利用类型的土壤水分空间变化 ,以及植被群落、植物种分布和生物量的变化。认为 :黄土残塬从塬中、塬坡、沟坡到沟底 ,土壤水分呈有规律的变化 ,从塬中到沟坡中上部 ,土壤含水量呈递减趋势 ,坡麓及沟底土壤含水量则最高 ,而阴坡土壤含水量明显高于阳坡 ;农耕地土壤含水量高于草地 ,林地含水量最低 ;植被分布和生物量 ,与土壤水分的空间分布有着密切的关系 ,基本呈正相关 ;植物对不同地貌部位的适应性不同 ,从而决定了植物分布与生长。通过综合分析 ,提出不同地貌部位植物的适应性评价表 ,为人工恢复植被的植物种选择提供参考 。

The spatial variety of soil moisture, distribution of vegetation community and species and biomass in different physiognomies and land use types are analyzed based on soil moisture survey and vegetation investigation in Hegou small watershed in Shanxi province. The results showed that soil moisture of loess remnant ridge varies in a certain law from ridge top to gully foot. In the terms of soil moisture, that is descending from middle part of ridge to middle up part of gully slope and highest in the foot of slope and gully, ubac is higher than adret, farmland is higher than grassland, forestland is the lowest. The relation between the spatial distribution of soil moisture, vegetation distribution and biomass is positively correlative on the whole. Vegetation distribution and growth are controlled by suitability of vegetation to different physiognomy locations. The evaluation tables of vegetation suitability in different locations are put forward with comprehensive analysis, which can provide scientific basis for the vegetation restoration, watershed management and soil and water conservation.