摘要
Brain damage sustained from repeated blows in boxing, wrestling, and other combat sports has serious physical and mental health consequences. The degenerative brain disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), presents clinically with memory loss, aggression, difficulty in rational thinking and other cognitive problems. This spectrum, which mimics Alzheimer’s disease, is diagnosed post-mortem through a brain biopsy in many professional athletes. However, little is known about the process of development and how to identify vulnerable individuals who may be on course for developing CTE. Boxing is a sport that has a severe toll on athletes’ health, primarily on their brain health and function. This review addresses the concerns of brain injury, describes the pathologies that manifest in multiple scales, e.g., molecular and cognitive, and also proposes possible diagnostic and prognostic markers to characterize the early onset of CTE along with the aim to identify a starting point for future precautions and interventions.
Brain damage sustained from repeated blows in boxing, wrestling, and other combat sports has serious physical and mental health consequences. The degenerative brain disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), presents clinically with memory loss, aggression, difficulty in rational thinking and other cognitive problems. This spectrum, which mimics Alzheimer’s disease, is diagnosed post-mortem through a brain biopsy in many professional athletes. However, little is known about the process of development and how to identify vulnerable individuals who may be on course for developing CTE. Boxing is a sport that has a severe toll on athletes’ health, primarily on their brain health and function. This review addresses the concerns of brain injury, describes the pathologies that manifest in multiple scales, e.g., molecular and cognitive, and also proposes possible diagnostic and prognostic markers to characterize the early onset of CTE along with the aim to identify a starting point for future precautions and interventions.
作者
Amit Naskar
Danielle Jayanty
Kimberly Head
Gulshan L. Khanna
Vatsalya Vatsalya
Arpan Banerjee
Amit Naskar;Danielle Jayanty;Kimberly Head;Gulshan L. Khanna;Vatsalya Vatsalya;Arpan Banerjee(Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India;Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA;Professor and Pro Vice Chancellor, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India;Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA;National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA)
