摘要
The concentrations and distribution of thirteen metals and metalloids were investigated in soils, sediments, and two biological matrices (the fish Clarias gariepisnis and the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus) from the CECOMAF agroecosystem, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in order to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities. The results revealed high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg all above values recommended by sediment quality guidelines and their probable effect levels on biota. According to the calculated Enrichment Factor, soil and sediments ranked from moderately to heavily polluted by Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg. The Contamination Degree and other ecological risk indices indicated very high contamination and very high ecological risks posed by Cd and Hg, respectively. The Geoaccumulation Index indicated that current metal concentrations in the agroecosystem originated from anthropogenic activities, while the Spearman correlation matrix values indicated that Hg could originate from different sources and pathways than the other metals. It was concluded that metals from unchecked anthropogenic activities have negatively impacted agricultural activities and fish production at the CECOMAF agroecosystem. Action to reduce the contamination level and the ecological risks by remediating and preventing metal pollution in the CECOMAF agroecosystem site is recommended.
The concentrations and distribution of thirteen metals and metalloids were investigated in soils, sediments, and two biological matrices (the fish Clarias gariepisnis and the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus) from the CECOMAF agroecosystem, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in order to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities. The results revealed high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg all above values recommended by sediment quality guidelines and their probable effect levels on biota. According to the calculated Enrichment Factor, soil and sediments ranked from moderately to heavily polluted by Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg. The Contamination Degree and other ecological risk indices indicated very high contamination and very high ecological risks posed by Cd and Hg, respectively. The Geoaccumulation Index indicated that current metal concentrations in the agroecosystem originated from anthropogenic activities, while the Spearman correlation matrix values indicated that Hg could originate from different sources and pathways than the other metals. It was concluded that metals from unchecked anthropogenic activities have negatively impacted agricultural activities and fish production at the CECOMAF agroecosystem. Action to reduce the contamination level and the ecological risks by remediating and preventing metal pollution in the CECOMAF agroecosystem site is recommended.
作者
Luc Kalendele Lundemi
Stéphanie Salumu Neema
Emmanuel Kazinguvu Atibu
Crispin Kyela Mulaji
Thierry Tabou Tangou
Camille Ipey Nsimanda
Robert Bueya Suami
Marie Onokoko Esako
Dieudonné Eyul’Anki Musibono
Fernando Piedade Carvalho
Luc Kalendele Lundemi;Stéphanie Salumu Neema;Emmanuel Kazinguvu Atibu;Crispin Kyela Mulaji;Thierry Tabou Tangou;Camille Ipey Nsimanda;Robert Bueya Suami;Marie Onokoko Esako;Dieudonné Eyul’Anki Musibono;Fernando Piedade Carvalho(Department of Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Faculty of Oil, Gas and Renewable Energy, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Department of Chemistry and Industry, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Université Pédagogique National, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo;Laboratório de Protecção e Segurança Radiologica, Instituto Superior Técnico/Campus Tecnológico Nuclear, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela, Portugal)
