精浆在女性生殖调控中的作用

Role of seminal plasma in female reproductive regulation

精浆的功能包括作为精子的运输媒介,以及作为男性向女性生殖组织传递信息的交流手段。它是刺激女性的生殖道向受孕状态转变的重要因素。雌性的生殖道接触到精浆时会发生剧烈的炎症样反应,继而女性多个生殖器官的功能受到调节。在交配过程中可以观察到女性宫颈和子宫腔内对病原体和碎片的清除能力增强。精浆还能够影响子宫内膜上皮细胞和间质细胞的活动,调节子宫的容受性,并通过对免疫细胞系统的调节来建立母体对半异体胚胎的耐受性,为胚胎的有效着床和妊娠提供理想的条件。对于不孕症的治疗,辅助生殖技术已被广泛应用。应用精浆作为一种辅助治疗方法,可能在辅助生殖治疗周期中改善子宫内膜的接受性并调节母体免疫耐受,从而提高胚胎着床及继续发育的潜能。本文对精浆的组成及其对女性生殖道各部分的生理作用进行了综述,并对精浆目前在辅助生殖领域的应用进展进行综述。

The function of seminal plasma includes as a transport medium for sperm and as a means of communication for males to convey information to female reproductive tissues.It is an important factor in stimulating the female reproductive tract to become fertile.When the female reproductive tract exposed to seminal plasma,it occurs a violent inflammatory response,and the function of multiple female reproductive organs is changed.Increased pathogen and debris removal in the cervix and uterus can be observed during mating.Seminal plasma can also influence the activity of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells,thus promote the receptivity of the uterus,and establish maternal tolerance to semi-allogeneic embryos through immune cell system,providing ideal conditions for effective implantation and pregnancy of embryos.For the treatment of infertility,assisted reproductive technology has been widely used.It is possible to use seminal plasma as an adjuvant therapy to promote endometrial receptivity and regulate maternal immune tolerance,thereby improving the potential of embryo implantation and continued development during assisted reproductive therapy cycle.In this paper,the composition of seminal plasma and its physiological effects on various parts of female reproductive tract are reviewed.Meanwhile,the current clinical application of seminal plasma is reviewed as well.