中医时间节律在针灸临床中的应用

Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Time Rhythm in Clinical Acupuncture

中医时间医学奠基于秦汉,发展于宋金元,成熟于明清。梳理《黄帝内经》中关于时间节律的相关内容,包括昼夜与营卫运行、月事、脉象四季变化等生理性节律,旦慧昼安夕加夜甚、五脏应时发病、四时病气伏而后发等病理性节律。认为中医时间节律性可帮助理解疾病的发病时间、症状表现和病程特点,从而指导针灸临床应用。依昼夜节律,以调和营卫为法,治疗营卫不和导致失眠等症;应年月节律,以调和气血为法,治疗气血不调导致痛经等病证;据四季节律结合邪气所居,调整针刺深浅;对应时发病者,依病邪性质,以祛邪防传为要;对伏邪致病者,先期治疗及病愈防复。

Chronomedicine of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was founded in the Qin and Han Dynasties,developed in Song,Jin,Yuan Dynasties,and matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This paper combed the relevant content of time rhythm in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor(《黄帝内经》),including the physiological rhythms such as day and night and nutrient qi and defensive qi movement,moon events,pulses,seasonal changes,and pathological rhythms of disease allivated in the morning,quietude in the daytime,deteriorated at the dusk and severe at night,disease onset of five zang-organs according time,pathogen qi hidden in four seasons and then attacked.It is believed that the rhythmic nature in TCM can help to understand the onset time,symptoms and course characteristics of the disease,so as to guide the clinical application of acupuncture.According to the circadian rhythm,the method of reconciling nutrient qi and defensive qi is used to treat insomnia caused by inconsistent nutrient qi and defensive qi;the rhythm of the year and month is used to reconcile qi and blood to treat dysmenorrhea caused by qi and blood irregularities;according to the four seasons law combined with the location of pathogen qi,the depth of acupuncture was adjusted;In respond to those who are ill at the time,according to the nature of the disease,it is the key point to prevent evil from spreading;For diseases caused by hidden pathoen,it should receive early treatment and prevent reoccurrence after recover.