中医学中“虚”“损”“衰”辨析

Differentiation and Analysis of “Deficiency”(虚), “Damage”(损) and “Decline”(衰) in Traditional Chinese Medicine

通过对"虚""损""衰"本义辨析,从"虚""损""衰"的病证与治法进行文献梳理。"虚"为虚弱、不足之义,虚证的治疗应明辨气血阴阳脏腑之所属,以补为主。"损"为减少、损害之义,"积虚成损"是虚损性疾病形成的渐进演变的病理过程,"损"必伴有脏腑组织的损伤,应以"益""调""缓"的方法治疗,不同于单纯的补法。"衰"为衰弱、衰老之义,虚衰较虚程度更深,进一步可发展为邪盛正衰的亡脱证;另外,老年疾病的发生往往与衰老相关,延缓衰老的治疗则以补益五脏为主,重在补肾,兼以化痰祛瘀。

Through the analysis of the original meanings of"deficiency","damage"and"decline",this paper sort out the syndromes and treatment methods of"deficiency"(虚),"damage"(损)and"decline"(衰)."Deficiency"is the meaning of weakness and insuficiency.The treatment of deficiency syndrome should clearly differentiate qi,blood,yin,yang,zang-fu organs,and mainly with supplementing method."Damage"is the meaning of reduction and damage."Deficiency developt to damage"is a gradual evolutionary pathological process of the formation of deficiency and damage disorder.There must be injury of zang-fu organs and tissue in the"damage".It should be treated with the methods of"benefiting","regulating"and"relaxing",which is different from the simple supplement."Decline"is the meaning of weak and senescence,and deficiency decline is more serious than deficiency,which can further develop into depletion and collapse syndrome with pathogen rising and vital qi falling.In addition,the occurrence of senile diseases is often related to aging.Anti-aging is mainly to invigorate the five zang-organs,focusing on nourishing the kidney,and resolving phlegm and removing stasis.