紫竹院公园竹类2种蚜虫发生规律与低公害防治研究

The Occurrence Regularity and Low Pollution Control of Two Species of Bamboo Aphids in Zizhuyuan,Beijing

北京紫竹院公园全园占地45.73 hm2,自1971年以来先后引进多种竹,现有室外观赏竹种多达12属44种,是园内主要的造景植物。近年来,竹蚜的发生蔓延不但影响竹子生长发育,而且导致叶片失绿变黄、出现锈斑、掉落的现象,严重时甚至会引起个体植株死亡,从而使竹林大片衰弱,影响景观效果。基于以上原因,通过定点、定期调查并进行分析,研究探索了北京紫竹院公园竹类2种蚜虫的为害情况及其发生规律:竹梢凸唇斑蚜在园内对竹类危害比较普遍,对刚竹属的生长发育造成较为严重的危害,主要集中于竹叶背部近叶柄或叶尖部位以及笋尖和嫩梢部位刺吸为害。1 a 12个月均有为害现象,5月和10月是该蚜为害的2个峰值。竹纵斑蚜在园内主要对斑竹的生长发育造成严重危害,主要聚集在竹叶背部中端部位,7月是该蚜为害高峰期,冬季活跃性差,有越冬阶段,以卵越冬。结论说明环境条件是影响2种蚜虫生活周期和数量变化的一个生态因子,对于2种害虫的预测预报应该实时关注北京市气温以及留意公园内的小气候,并在竹子生长周期内要做到科学管理,包括保持适当的竹林栽植密度、合理施用生物药剂、保护和利用自有天敌昆虫、人为释放天敌昆虫进行补充等,旨在蚜虫发生为害高峰期前采取有效的低公害防治措施。

In Zizhuyuan Park,Beijing,covering an area of 45.73 hm^2,a variety of bamboos have been introduced since 1971.There are 44 species of ornamental bamboo belonging to 12 genera,which are the main landscape plants in the park.In recent years,the occurrence and spread of bamboo aphids not only affect the growth and development of bamboo,but also lead to the leaves lose green and turn yellow,appear rusty spots and fall off,and even cause individual plant death in serious cases,which makes a large area of bamboo forest degrade and affect the landscape effect.Therefore,fixed-site,regular investigation and analysis,were conducted to explore the damage situation and occurrence regularity of two bamboo aphids in Zizhuyuan,Beijing.It was found that the Takecallis taiwanus was harmful to many bamboo species,causing serious damage to the growth and development of Phyllostachys mainly in the park.The pests mainly concentrated on the back of bamboo leaves at the petioles or leaf tips,as well as the shoot tips and tender shoot parts.The damage occurred in 12 months round a year,and May and October were the two peak months.Meanwhile,the Takecallis arundinariae mainly caused serious damage to the growth and development of Phyllostachys bambusoides in the park.Its population mainly concentrated in the middle part of the back of bamboo leaves.July is the peak of the aphid’s damage.It had poor activity in winter and overwintered with eggs.The results showed that eco-environmental factors affected the life cycle and quantity of the two aphids.The forecast of the two pests should pay attention to the temperature in Beijing and the microclimate in the park,and scientific management should be carried out in the bamboo growth cycle,including maintaining the appropriate planting density of bamboo forest,rational application of biological agents,protection and utilization of its natural enemies.The aim of this study is to take effective control measures of low pollution before the peak period of aphid occurrence.