学术自觉与跨学科组合创新——以IESM与《政治人类学评论》为对谈话题

Academic Self-consciousness and Interdisciplinary Combination Innovation——Taking the IESM and the Political Anthropology Review as the Topic of the Conversation

在今天学科边界被打破和邻近研究专业化这两个条件下,出现了另外一种学术自觉的路径,就是学科的组合创新,这是实现学术自觉的重要方法。《政治人类学评论》所提倡的新政治人类学,之所以要把人类学和政治学两个学科结合起来理解,正是源于学科的组合能够对两个学科都增加知识存量。上海大学IESM中心所提倡的国际经济社会学和新政治人类学两个学科之间存在共性,即高度关注并运用田野调查方法论,在跨学科互动中开辟新的研究路径,提出了“利益—规范”模型,实现了新的知识生产——这就是学科的组合创新。总而言之,跨学科研究的重点不是学科的跨越,更重要的是学术研究的组合创新,即通过邻近学科的不同要素有机结合形成新的知识生产。这正是中国学术自觉的一种新的表现形式。

The purpose of academic self-consciousness is to gain the promotion of knowledge.In this sense,there is a certain necessity to constantly question how to realize combined innovation through the integration of disciplines.Facing the two obvious conditions of the breaking of disciplinary boundaries and the specialization of adjacent research,another path of academic consciousness has emerged,that is,the combined innovation of disciplines,which is a method to realize academic consciousness.Our goal is to gain new knowledge in science,finding that compared with no combination,combination can explain new problems and increase the stock of knowledge more.That is academic consciousness.Like the New Political Anthropology advocated by the Political Anthropology Review,why does the chief editor,Professor Tao Qing,combine the two disciplines of anthropology and political science?He must have conceived of the combination of disciplines to increase the stock of knowledge in both disciplines.Perhaps he did not necessarily have such definite thouguts at the very beginning of his interdisciplinary practice,because the beginning of combined innovation is often a unconscious spontaneous act.Whether it is the International Economic Sociology proposed by IESM Center of Shanghai University or the New Political Anthropology proposed by the Political Anthropology Review of Shanghai Normal University,the biggest“highlight”compared with other interdisciplinary or sub-disciplines is that both of them have crossed the lines of two of the five basic disciplines in the liberal arts that American scholar Wallerstein has wrote in his book,Open the Social Science.We can see that there is a striking consistency between the two disciplines of International Economic Sociology and New Political Anthropology.They both attach great importance to and make the best use of field work methodology,to carry out interdisciplinary research,and try new knowledge production of combined innovation of disciplines.This is an important manifestation of Chinese academic consciousness.From the analysis of the development trend of disciplines in recent years,we can find that there are two basic parallel trends in modern disciplines,especially in basic disciplines.First,the original traditional discipline boundaries are expanding to other disciplines,and the differences and even barriers between disciplines and fields are gradually broken.The traditional discipline boundaries have been blurred.Second,there is a new trend of specialization in the adjacent fields of related research,and each adjacent field can integrate and derive its own new professional research.Under the circumstances of these two trends,the branch of disciplinary expansion increasingly has the basic characteristics of In conclusion,the reason why International Economic Sociology and New Political Anthropology can have a meaningful academic dialogue here is based on a consensus of interdisciplinary research.In other words,International Economic Sociology does not adopt the previous definition of“applying sociological research methods to economic life”,but to open up a new research path in the interaction between economics and sociology,and puts forward a combined innovation of the“Interests-Norms”model.Similarly,the New Political Anthropology should also have similar challenges and opportunities with the International Economic Sociology,that is,to open up new research paths in the interaction between political science and anthropology,exploring and cultivating new growth forces in the interaction between this two disciplines.It should be noted that the focus of interdisciplinary research is not the crossing of disciplines,but more importantly,the emergence of an innovation——the combination of academic innovation research,which is to form new knowledge production through the organic combination of different elements of adjacent disciplines.