癌症流行现况病因以及营养流行病学的研究进展

Progress in epidemiological studies of cancer burden,causes and research on diet,nutrients and cancer risks

癌症是一种恶性程度高、容易发生侵袭和转移且预后较差的疾病,但有效的预防和干预措施能有助于控制癌症的发生和发展,减少其疾病负担。癌症的病因非常复杂,包括来自于外部暴露的危险因素、机体自身因素和遗传易感性等。近年来,饮食和营养素与癌症之间的关系日益引起公众和流行病学家的重视。本文介绍了癌症的流行现况和外部病因以及癌症营养流行病学方面的研究进展,尤其探讨了饮食营养对癌症预防的意义,以及目前研究面临的挑战,期望为癌症的饮食营养一级预防和公共卫生决策提供参考依据。

Cancer is a disease with high malignancy,easy invasion and metastasis,and poor prognosis,but effective prevention and intervention measures are helpful to control its occurrence and development,and reduce its burden.The causes of cancer are complex,including external exposures to environmental risk factors,host factors,genetic susceptibility and so on.In recent years,the relationships between diet,nutrients and cancer had obtained increasing attention from the public and epidemiologists.The prevalence and external causes of cancer,as well as the research progress in nutritional epidemiology of cancer are briefly introduced in this article.Particularly,the significance in diet and nutrition on cancer prevention and the challenges in current research are discussed,in order to provide references for diet and nutrition in primary cancer prevention and public health policy-making.