专有名词非范畴化:认知机制与英汉翻译策略

DECATEGORIZATION OF PROPER NOUNS: COGNITIVE MECHANISM AND STRATEGIES FOR E-TO-C TRANSLATION/INTERPRETATION

以框架语义学为理论基础,探讨了英语专有名词非范畴化的工作机制及汉译问题。有些专有名词可以临时被非范畴化,其根本原因是这些专有名词及其意义是众所周知的。但是,专有名词及其意义的众所周知情形因语言和文化而异。译者如果无视这种差异,译文就必定会令人不知所云。汉译被非范畴化的英语专有名词,应以一般汉语使用者对专有名词相关知识的熟悉程度为参照,翻译时应采用框架置换策略和框架转级策略。

Based on frame semantics,the working mechanism of proper noun decategorization is investigated together with the strategies when translating/interpreting decategorized English proper nouns.The essential reason that some proper nouns can be decategorized temporarily is that language users are familiar with these proper nouns and their meanings.However,this familiarization is specific both to language and culture.If translators/interpreters ignore this,the target text will be incomprehensible to readers.It is proposed that when translating/interpreting decategorized English proper nouns,translators/interpreters should take into account how familiar Chinese readers/listeners are with the knowledge of English proper nouns.Then the strategy of frame replacement or the strategy of frame-level shifting should be employed accordingly.