全球地震灾害发展趋势综述

The Review of Serious Earthquake Across the Globe

基于EM-DAT(OFDA/CRED)国际灾害数据库及美国地质勘探局(USGS)给出的数据,提取全球1970—2018年干旱、地震、极端温度、极端气候、洪水、滑坡、火山活动、火灾和块体运动9种自然灾害的相关数据,并进行综合分析,着重分析死亡人数和经济损失。分析结果表明,21世纪以来地震灾害造成的损失最大。此外,2000—2017年全球重大地震尤其是9次特大地震的分析结果显示,可有效减轻地震灾害损失的措施至少包括建立地震预警机制、建设韧性城乡、建立完善的风险排查机制。

Based on data from the EM-DAT(OFDA/CRED)International Disaster Database and the United States Geological Survey(USGS),this study extracts nine kinds of natural disasters from drought,earthquake,extreme temperature,extreme climate,flood,landslide,volcanic activity,fire and block movement in the world from 1970 to 2018,and conducts a comprehensive analysis of all data,focusing on the death toll and economic loss.The analysis results show that the earthquake disasters have caused the greatest losses since the 21st century.In addition,the results of major global earthquakes in 2000-2017,especially the nine major earthquakes,exhibit that measures that can effectively reduce the loss of earthquake disasters include at least the establishment of earthquake early warning mechanisms,the construction of resilient urban and rural areas,and the establishment of comprehensive risk screening mechanisms.