基于中药功效药理学的葶苈子沉降药性研究

Chenjiang(沉降)Effect of Tinglizi(葶苈子)Based on the Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine Efficacy

目的:基于葶苈子对“痰饮停聚”模型的影响,探究葶苈子“沉降”药性的科学内涵,为中药升降浮沉药性评价体系的构建提供科学依据。方法:采用卵清白蛋白(Ovalbumin,OVA)结合氢氧化铝凝胶建立痰饮停聚大鼠模型,检测与机体气机调节密切相关的五大系统(中枢系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统、泌尿系统)相关指标,分析其作用趋势,明确葶苈子“沉降”药性及其干预“痰饮停聚”大鼠的最佳剂量。结果:造模后,大鼠出现呼吸急促、气喘咳逆、点头呼吸、腹肌抽搐频率较快等症状;同时,其肺泡灌洗液内炎症因子IL-4、IgE的含量显著增加(P<0.01),肺组织发生病变,表明痰饮停聚大鼠模型建立成功;葶苈子水煎液可改善痰饮停聚大鼠的一般状态,缓解心、肺、肾系数失常(P<0.05或P<0.01);在呼吸系统中,葶苈子水煎液可减少痰饮停聚大鼠肺部炎症因子IgE、IL-4含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),增加IFN-γ含量(P<0.01),改善肺和气管组织病变,减少肺细胞凋亡(P<0.05或P<0.01),发挥止咳、平喘、祛痰的功效(P<0.05或P<0.01);在中枢系统中,葶苈子水煎液有缓解痰饮停聚大鼠憋气促醒的趋势,减少大鼠的抓耳挠鼻次数(P<0.05或P<0.01),恢复大鼠的正常运动(P<0.05或P<0.01);在循环系统中,葶苈子水煎液可降低痰饮停聚大鼠心率,升高心脏的射血分数、短轴缩短率和肾脏血流速度(P<0.05或P<0.01),对痰饮停聚大鼠的心肾功能有保护作用;在消化系统中,葶苈子水煎液可增加胃动素含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);促进小肠推进率(P<0.05);降低胃泌素含量(P<0.05),促进大鼠的胃排空并降低胃残留率(P<0.05);在泌尿系统中,葶苈子水煎液可增加痰饮停聚大鼠的排尿量(P<0.01),而对其排汗功能无作用。结论:葶苈子通过引积聚于胸间的痰饮下行,促肺肃降,使肺之宣肃正常,导气机以下行,缓解痰内伏于肺、肃降不及引发的咳喘之症,发挥“沉降”药性,以葶苈子2.3 g/kg干预痰饮停聚大鼠模型作用最佳。

Objective:To explore the scientific connotation of Chenjiang(沉降)effect of Tinglizi(葶苈子)based on the influence of Tinglizi on Tanyintingju(痰饮停聚)model to provide the scientific basis for the construction of the evaluation system of Chinese medicine in Shengjiang(升降)and Fuchen(浮沉).Methods:The Tanyintingju model was induced by ovalbumin(OVA)combined with aluminum hydroxide[Al(OH)3]gel.The related indexes of five major systems(central system,respiratory system,circulatory system,digestive system,and urinary system)closely related to Qiji(气机)were detected and their action trends were analyzed to clarify the Chenjiang effect of Tinglizi and the optimal dosage of Tinglizi in the intervention of Tanyintingju model rats.Results:After modeling,the rats showed shortness of breath,asthma,coughing and dyspnea,nodding breathing,and rapid abdominal muscle twitching.At the same time,the content of inflammatory factors IL-4 and IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)increased(P<0.01),and pathological changes were observed in lung tissues,indicating that the Tanyintingju model was properly induced.Tinglizi decoction could improve the general state of Tanyintingju rats and alleviate the abnormalities in heart,lung and kidney coefficients(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In the respiratory system,Tinglizi decoction reduced the content of inflammatory factors IgE and IL-4(P<0.05 or P<0.01),increased the content of IFN-γ(P<0.01),improved the lung and tracheal tissue lesions,and inhibited lung cell apoptosis(P<0.05 or P<0.01),to exert the effects of relieve cough,asthma and expectorant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In the central system,Tinglizi decoction was potential in relieving the suffocation of Tanyintingju rats,reduced the frequency of scratching ears and nose(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and restored the normal movement of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In the circulatory system,Tinglizi decoction reduced the heart rate of Tanyintingju rats and increased the ejection fraction and shortening fraction of the heart and the blood flow velocity in kidney tissues(P<0.05 or P<0.01)to protect the heart and kidney functions of Tanyintingju rats.In the digestive system,Tinglizi decoction increased the content of motilin(P<0.05 or P<0.01),improved gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal transport(P<0.05),promoted gastric emptying,and reduced the content of gastrin(P<0.05).In the urinary system,Tinglizi decoction promoted the urination function of Tanyintingju rats(P<0.01),but showed no effect on perspiration function.Conclusion:Tinglizi can exert the Chenjiang effect on the accumulated Tanyin(痰饮)in the chest to restore the Xuanshu(宣肃)effect of the lung and promote Xiaxing(下行)of Qiji,thereby relieving cough and asthma.The optimal dosage of Tinglizi in the intervention of Tanyintingju rats was 2.3 g/kg.