精子表观遗传学在复发性流产中的研究进展

Research progress on sperm epigenetics in recurrent spontaneous abortion

复发性流产病因复杂,大部分发病机制尚不明确,逐渐影响许多育龄期妇女的生育问题。随着遗传学因素的深入研究,除了已知的女性因素外,精子DNA和非编码RNA携带的表观遗传信息被发现也会影响早期胚胎发育,导致复发性流产发病率增加。精子表观遗传修饰逐渐成为影响胚胎发育和妊娠结局的研究焦点。本综述回顾了男性精子表观遗传学在女性复发性流产中的研究进展,从DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控等方面探讨精子发生、受精失败、早期胚胎发育异常与复发性流产发生的相关性。父亲高龄和叶酸剂量及精子MTHFR甲基化也被证实可增加复发性流产发生风险。

The etiology of RSA is complex,and most of the pathogenesis is still unclear,which gradually affects the fertility problems of many women of childbearing age.With the further research of genetic factors,in addition to known female sex factors,epigenetic information carried by sperm DNA and non-coding RNA has also been found to affect early embryonic development,leading to an increased incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortion.Sperm epigenetic modification has gradually become the focus of research on embryonic development and pregnancy outcomes.This article reviews the research progress of male sperm epigenetics in female RSA,and discusses the correlation between spermatogenesis,fertilization failure,early embryo development abnormality and RSA from the aspects of DNA methylation,histone modification and non-coding RNA regulation.Advanced paternal age,folic acid dosage and sperm MTHFR methylation have also been shown to increase the risk of RSA.