聚合酶链式反应诊断技术在儿童呼吸道常见病原体流行病学调查中的应用

Application of polymerase chain reaction diagnostic technology in epidemiological investigation of common pathogens in Children′s respiratory tract

目的通过儿童呼吸道常见病原体感染分布的情况及特点,以不同年龄段,不同病原体类型,不同感染部位等特点作为分析统计要素,揭示焦作地区儿童呼吸道感染的流行病学特点,为临床诊疗提供实验室依据。方法用聚合酶链式反应诊断技术检测在合胞病毒,腺病毒,甲流病毒,乙流病毒,副流感病毒Ⅰ,副流感病毒Ⅱ,副流感病毒Ⅲ,肺炎支原体等八种常见呼吸道病原体,采集方法使用专用儿童鼻咽拭子软刷取样,采集部位为鼻咽部深处,采集细胞为柱状上皮细胞,聚合酶链式反应技术检测肺炎支原体核酸耐药点位突变情况,对阳性结果进行统计分析。结果样本采集1256例,415例阳性总阳性率33.04%,其中单一病原体感染352例占28.03%,其中单纯病毒感染256例,单纯细菌感染46例,单纯肺炎支原体53例.两种病原体混合感染57例总阳性率为4.38%,两种病原体混合感染为同种类型的病原体,均为病毒感染35例。两种以上病原体复合感染的7例0.56%。结论焦作地区儿童呼吸道感染以感染部位统计,上呼吸道感染为主。不同年龄段统计一到三岁以下儿童为易感人群,病原体类型统计病毒感染为主。

Objective:To analyze the distribution and characteristics of children′s respiratory pathogen infections,and to analyze the statistical characteristics of different age groups,different pathogen types and different infection sites,and to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory infections in children in Jiaozuo area,and provide laboratory basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Use polymerase chain reaction diagnostic technology to detect eight common respiratory pathogens,including syncytial virus,adenovirus,influenza A virus,influenza B virus,parainfluenza virus I,parainfluenza virus II,parainfluenza virus III,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Methods A special soft brush for children′s nasopharyngeal swab was used for sampling.The collection site was deep in the nasopharynx,and the collected cells were columnar epithelial cells.Polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the mutations in the nucleic acid resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.analysis.Results:1256 samples were collected,and the total positive rate of 415 cases was 33.04%.Among them,352 cases were infected by a single pathogen,accounting for 28.03%.Among them,256 cases were simple virus infection,46 cases were simple bacterial infection,53 cases were simple Mycoplasma pneumoniae.57 cases were mixed infection by two pathogens The total positive rate was 4.38%.The mixed infection of the two pathogens was the same type of pathogen,and both were 35 cases of virus infection.0.56%of 7 cases were infected by two or more pathogens.Conclusion:Respiratory infections in children in Jiaozuo area are mainly based on infection sites and upper respiratory tract infections.Children from one to three years of age in different age groups are susceptible populations,and pathogen types are mainly viral infections.