妊娠期胎儿先天畸形的危险因素及临床干预策略

Risk factors and clinical intervention strategies of fetal congenital malformations during pregnancy

目的探究妊娠期胎儿先天畸形的危险因素及其临床干预策略。方法分析2018年1月~2019年12月期间收入胎儿先天畸形产妇总计90例,另选取同期收入90例正常孕产妇作为对照,分析胎儿先天畸形危险因素,并制定合理干预策略。结果90例胎儿畸形分布情况中,除其他畸形外,包括神经系统畸形、颜面部畸形及心脏畸形、泌尿生殖系统畸形,分别为25.56%、18.88%、15.56%、15.56%;对比两组孕妇一般资料发现,两组在年龄、孕期合并症、是否有畸形怀孕史、家族史、孕期从事高危工作、孕期感染、发热、孕期用药存在较大差异性,差异显著(P<0.05);将上述有差异项目带入Logistic回归方程计算,发现年龄、孕期合并症、是否有畸形怀孕史、家族史、孕期从事高危工作、孕期感染、发热、孕期用药为引起胎儿畸形相关危险因素。结论胎儿先天畸形诱发因素较多,临床需加强产前筛查并按时进行产前检查,做好产前宣教并杜绝一切有可能诱发胎儿先天畸形危险因素,降低胎儿畸形发生率。

Objective:To explore the risk factors and clinical intervention strategies of fetal congenital malformations during pregnancy.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019,a total of 90 pregnant women with congenital malformations were selected,and 90 normal pregnant women in the same period were selected as controls.The risk factors of congenital malformations were analyzed,and reasonable intervention strategies were formulated.Results:Among the 90 cases of fetal malformation distribution,in addition to other malformations,including nervous system malformation,facial malformation and heart malformation,genitourinary system malformation were 25.56%,18.88%,15.56%and 15.56%respectively.Comparing the general data of two groups of pregnant women,it was found that there were significant differences in age,pregnancy complications,history of abnormal pregnancy,family history,high-risk work during pregnancy,infection during pregnancy,fever and medication during pregnancy(P<0.05);The results showed that age,complications during pregnancy,history of abnormal pregnancy,family history,high-risk work during pregnancy,infection during pregnancy,fever and medication during pregnancy were risk factors for fetal malformation.Conclusion:There are many predisposing factors of fetal congenital malformation.It is necessary to strengthen prenatal screening and carry out prenatal education on time in order to reduce the incidence of fetal malformation.