上海市某区建设项目职业病防护设施“三同时”调查

Investigation on tri-simultaneity of occupational-disease-prevention facilities of construction projects in a district of Shanghai

目的通过调查上海市某区职业病防护设施"三同时"工作开展情况,找出政策执行存在问题,提出针对性的对策建议。方法抽样调查上海市某区2015—2018年应开展职业病防护设施"三同时"的60个项目,分析项目所属经济类型、行业类别、风险类别构成情况以及不同风险类别、投资类型项目职业病防护设施"三同时"不同阶段工作开展情况,不同风险类别项目、不同级别技术服务机构完成项目的技术服务报告质量情况等。结果调查的60个项目均开展了预评价,53个(88.3%)项目开展了防护设施设计,47个(81.0%)项目开展了控制效果评价,但仅有39个(67.2%)项目开展了竣工验收。从建设项目职业病危害风险分类上分析,防护设施设计、控制效果评价执行率上存在差异(P<0.05),职业病危害风险越严重,执行情况越好;竣工验收执行率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均执行较差。不同投资类型项目防护设施设计、控制效果评价和竣工验收执行率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同风险类别项目、不同级别机构间报告质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均存在一定的质量问题。结论职业健康监管部门应加强职业病防护设施"三同时"相关法律法规宣贯,对建设单位以及职业卫生技术服务机构"三同时"工作的事中事后予以监管,提高"三同时"工作执行率和执行质量,从而更好地防治职业病。

Objective The"tri-simultaneity"(design,building and use)work of occupational-disease-prevention facilities of construction projects in a district of Shanghai were investigated,to find out the problems in the implementation of policies,and to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.Methods A sampling survey was conducted on 60 construction projects,in which tri-simultaneity of occupational-disease-prevention facilities must be implement according to the national policy,in a district of Shanghai from 2015 to 2018.Their economic type,industry category and risk category,the status of work on design,building and use of occupational-disease-prevention facilities at different stages,and the quality of technical service reports of these construction projects were analyzed.Results Among 60 surveyed construction projects,the work on pre-evaluation of occupational hazards was done in all projects;protective facilities design was done in 53 projects(88.3%);the work on evaluation of control effect was done in 47 projects(81.0%);and work on acceptance of completed project was done in 39 projects(67.2%).The difference in the work on protective facilities design and evaluation of control effect were noted among construction projects with different risk classifications of occupational hazards(P<0.05);and the higher the risk of occupational hazards,the better the implementation.It was noted that there was no difference of tri-simultaneity work among projects with different investment types(P>0.05).There was no difference in the implementation rate of completion acceptance(P>0.05),which was low.There were some quality problems of technical service reports,but no significant quality difference noted among projects with different risk categories or prepared by different institutions(P>0.05).Conclusion The occupational health supervision department should strengthen the publicity and implementation of relevant laws and regulations on the"tri-simultaneity"of occupational-disease-prevention facilities,supervise the construction units and the occupational health technical service institutions on this work,and improve the execution and quality,so as to better prevent from occupational diseases.