普通话舌尖元音主要特征及其决定因素

THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE APICAL VOWELS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS IN STANDARD CHINESE:A STUDY BASED ON DATA OF ACOUSTICS,MRI,EMA AND EPG

不同于现有的元音分析框架,本文认为汉语舌尖元音发音生理上最主要的特征应该是声腔的收紧部位,而舌位、舌高点、舌的形状等因素所带来的是一系列附带的特征。本文借助磁共振(MRI)、电磁发音仪(EMA)、电子腭位仪(EPG)以及声学等方法,尝试重新调整目前的元音分析系统,从生理、声学等方面系统讨论汉语普通话舌尖元音的特点,指出汉语舌尖元音[ɿ](舌尖、舌面前)、[ʅ](卷舌、舌面)分别有两种不同的舌位,但是具有相同的收紧点位置,而这个收紧点位置就是舌尖元音最关键的决定因素。文章围绕下面的问题展开:(1)文章首先考察了汉语舌尖元音的记录描写的缘起,由高本汉首先提出,赵元任等分类描写;(2)汉语舌尖元音现有的描写强调舌位决定舌尖元音;(3)本文认为汉语舌尖元音最主要的生理发音决定因素是声腔的收紧点位置,与此相应,舌尖元音发音时舌腭动态接触也反映了收紧点位置的作用;(4)核磁共振、电磁发音仪所反映的口腔与舌腭位置,也清楚地反映了舌尖元音收紧点的情况;(5)只要收紧点位置正确,用舌头具体哪个部位主动实施发音不会影响对舌尖元音的认识;(6)两种舌位的声学共振峰数据也反映了收紧点位置的重要作用;(7)收紧点的确立对于学习舌尖元音的发音也有参考意义。

Different from the existing vowel analysis framework,the most important articulatory feature of apical vowel configuration is area of the oral constriction,and the factors such as the position of the tongue,the height of the tongue,and the shape of the tongue are a series of accompanying features.With the help of magnetic resonance(MRI),the NDI Wave Speech Research System(EMA),acoustic analysis and other means,this paper readjusts the current vowel analysis system,and systematically discusses the features and characteristics of the apical vowels in Mandarin from the aspects of articulation and acoustics.This paper points out that the Chinese apical vowels[ɿ]and[ʅ]have two different tongue positions,but with the same oral constriction,and this is the most critical determinant of the apical vowel in Mandarin.This paper discusses the following questions:(1)The article first examines the origin of the transcription of the apical vowels in Chinese,first proposed by Bernhard Karlgren and described by Chao Yuen Ren and others;(2)The existing description of Chinese apical vowels emphasizes that the tongue position determines the features of this vowels;(3)This paper argues that the most important determinant of the articulatory pronunciation of Chinese apical vowels is the configuration of the vocal cavity,and correspondingly,the dynamic contact of the tongue with dental,alveolar or postalveolar during the pronunciation based on EPG shows that the apical vowels are determined by the oral constriction;(4)The oral constriction reflected by the MRI also clearly reflects the configuration of the vocal cavity;(5)As long as the oral constriction is correct,which active articulator involved will not affect the recognition of the apical vowels;(6)The acoustic formant data of the apical vowels also reflect the important role of the configuration position;(7)The establishment of the constriction point is also of referential significance for learning the pronunciation of apical vowels.