伊犁州厄鲁特蒙古语元音格局研究

A STUDY ON THE VOWEL PATTERN OF OGELED-MONGOLIAN IN YILI

本文采用语音实验的方法,基于元音音位特征和离散度揭示新疆伊犁州厄鲁特蒙古语元音声学格局。厄鲁特蒙古语元音是以/i,e,o/和/i:,e:,o:/为顶点元音的锐角“倒三角形”,前重型格局。厄鲁特蒙古语词首音节和非词首音节的长元音和短元音在声学元音图高低维度上被分为六个层级,在前后维度上被分为三个层级,是“六三格局”。圆唇元音在相对应的展唇元音右侧有序排列;长、短高元音和次高元音的F1离散度均高于F2离散度,分布模式为高低扩展模式。不同位置/o/元音及词首音节/e/元音的分布模式为前后扩展模式,而词首音节和非词首音节/o:/元音的变化以高低变化为主。低元音中/e//e:/的F2离散度高于F1离散度,主要分布模式为前后扩展模式,而/æ//æ:/的F1离散度均高于F2离散度,主要分布模式为高低扩展模式。

The sound patterns of languages,especially those of the ethnic minorities in China have been a hot research area in phonology and phonetics.Adopting an experimental approach,the current study explored the vowel patterns of Ogeled-Mongolian mainly spoken in Yili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with a specific focus on their phonological and distributional features.The vowel system of the Ogeled sub-dialect of Yili Mongolian is basically the same as that of the Torghut sub-dialect in Xinjiang.In the initial syllable of the word,there are more short vowels in the Ogeled sub-dialect than in the Torghut sub-dialect,and the vowel/ʉ/in the Ogeled sub-dialect is an allophone of the vowel/y/.The long vowels in the initial syllable are/e:/,/æ:/,/e:/,/ø:/,/ɔ:/,/i:/,/y:/,and/o:/in the two dialects.More short vowels can be found in the position of the non-initial syllables of the Ogeled sub-dialect.However,not all short vowels in these positions are reduced vowels which are largely related to their environment and syllable structures.The non-initial syllables in the Ogeled sub-dialect also feature the same long vowels,such as/e:/,/æ:/,/i:/,/o:/,and/y:/.The sound patterns of Ogeled Mongolian vowels have acute angles and inverted triangles as vertex vowels,with/i,ɐ,o/or/i:,e:,o:/as top vowels.There are more front vowels in the Ogeled sub-dialect while the front and back vowels in Standard Mongolian are similar in numbers.The acoustic pattern of Ogeled sub-dialect is characterized with front heavy pattern while the pattern of Standard Mongolian is more of a front-and-back equivalent pattern.The long vowels and short vowels in the initial syllables and non-initial syllables of Ogeled sub-dialect can be divided into six levels:high,sub-high,medium-high,medium,sub-low,and low levels in terms of vowel height.In terms of back-to-front position,they can be divided into three levels:front,central,and back.Taken together,the sound pattern of this sub-dialect can be summarized as a“six-three pattern”.The dispersion of short vowels is found to be not necessarily consistent with that of corresponding long vowels.Rounded vowels are aligned to the right of the unrounded counterparts.For high onol sub-high vowels,the diffusion of F1 is stronger than that of F2.The vowel/o/at various positions and the initial/ɔ/expand from back to front while the initial and non-initial vowels of/o:/change on the basis of height.There are some differences between the distribution model of the vowels of Ogeled dialect and Standard Mongolian vowels.The distribution model may be different for the same vowel in different vowel systems.The low vowels/ɐ/and/e:/expand from front to back,with stronger F2 diffusion than that of F1 while/æ/and/æ:/develop from high to low,with stronger F1 diffusion than that of F2.The/ɐ/vowel of the initial syllable in Standard Mongolian expand from high to low,with stronger F1 diffusion than that of F2.