河南武陟方言两字调实验研究

A PHONETIC STUDY OF DISYLLABIC TONE SANDHI IN WUZHI DIALECT

本文基于武陟方言11位发音人的9207条两字调语料,在语音变调范围内讨论了两字调的连读变调和协同发音作用。本文对连读变调和声调协同发音概念做了梳理,总结了两条参考性标准:标准一是音高数据显示调型出现明显变化,可直接认定为连读变调;标准二是音高数据显示调型不变,但音高和单字调相比,声调特征由H变为L或L变为H,认定为连读变调。基于此,从音系学角度分析了武陟方言两字调连读变调。随后,对两字调进行了协同发音分析,结果显示:1.逆向作用大于顺向作用,顺向作用和逆向作用之间是一种非对称性关系;2.两字调边界处的声调极值对声调的方向影响较大;3.越是靠近边界处的基频点,其所受影响越大;4.两字调基频最低点基本上只出现在后字末尾,两字调最高点取决于两字组合中单字调的最高音值。

This paper presented a detailed analysis of the disyllabic tone sandhi and coarticulation in Wuzhi dialect,based on the experimental production data of 9207 items collected from 11 speakers.In the current study,we focused on the tonal sandhi of disyllabic words and the role of coarticulation on this process.The experimental procedure involved using xRecorder to record all the items,automatic segmentation of sound files by xSegmenter and manual proofreading of TextGrid files.Praat Scripts were then used to extract detailed fundamental frequency of the pitch,then 10 disyllabic tone sandhi combinations of pitch contour are drawn and analyzed.In order to avoid the problem of confused boundaries during defining the reconstruction of tone sandhi,the distinction standards were based on the actual pitch value as the main judgement indicator,including the tonal shape and tonal register,supplemented by the listening criteria for reference to the mother tongue.In this study,we proposed two criteria for identifying tone sandhi.One is when there is a significant change in the pitch contour,the involved tonal combination can be directly identified as tone sandhi.Another criterion is the significant change in tonal register from H to L or L to H.We also analyzed the phonological pattern of disyllabic tone sandhi in Wuzhi dialect and provided a phonological explanation formula.Additionally,we compared the duration of disyllabic tone sandhi and a coarticulatory analysis was to examine the relationship between duration and pitch contour.It has been found that the regressive assimilation is more significant than progressive assimilation,that is,the second syllable affects the first one more than the reverse,thus an asymmetric relation has been identified.The duration of T1-T5 in disyllables is shorter than that in monosyllables.Furthermore,in disyllabic tones,the duration of T1-T5 is shorter in the first syllable than that in the second syllable.The impact that the second syllable on the first syllable in T1-T5+X combinations is greater than that of the first syllable on the second syllable in X+T1-T5 combinations,indicating an asymmetric relationship.The study also indicates that the pitch value at the boundary of the disyllabic tone sandhi greatly influences the pitch contour.F0 point is affected much more by the boundary when closer to it.Specifically,in the T1+X combination,the tone value changes from 44 to 42 when T1 was combined with T4 due to the influence of the low starting point of the second syllable T4.Similarly,in the T2+X combination,the tone value changes from 31 to 33 when T2 is combined with T3 due to the effect of the high starting point of the second syllable T3.The minimal pitch of the disyllabic word generally only appears at the end of the second syllable,and the position of the pitch peak depends on the highest pitch of the citation tone in the disyllabic tonal combination.Whether it is the T1-T5+X combination or the X+T1-T5 combination,the highest F0 point is mainly located at T3,with six groups showing the highest F0 point appearing in the first syllable and four groups in the second syllable.