语音吸引力研究的声学参数及其影响因素

ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS AND FACTORS AFFECTING VOICE ATTRACTIVENESS

语音吸引力是语言学和心理学交叉领域研究的一个重要课题。近年来国际语音学界有越来越多的研究者进入这一领域,一些重要的国际语音学会议也曾将其设为一个独立的研究主题。但我国与此相关的成果不多且基本限于心理学领域。本文综合近年来国内外相关研究的最新成果,介绍了研究语音吸引力常用的六个声学参数以及影响语音吸引力判断的生理、心理和社会因素,以期为我国语言学者在本领域做出更多成果提供参考。

In recent years,voice attractiveness,as an interdisciplinary field in linguistics and psychology,has become a hot topic for researchers all over the world,and it has also been set as an independent research topic in the Conference of INTERSPEECH.However,the related achievements of Chinese researchers are not many and are basically limited to the field of psychology.This paper aims to review recent studies of voice attrativeness at home and abroad from the perspective of its six major acoustic parameters and corresponding physiological,psychological,and social factors that affect them,the convenience of domestic scholars in this field.Results from research on voice attractiveness assessment are summarized as follows.(Ⅰ)Fundamental frequency(F_(0)).High scores are given for male voice with low F_(0) and female voice with high F_(0).(Ⅱ)Vowel formant and its dispersion.High scores are given for male voice with low formant frequency and dispersion and for female voice with high formant dispersion.(Ⅲ)Duration.Raising voice speed appropriately will improve voice attractiveness.(Ⅳ)Amplitude.High scores are given for speech with significant amplitude variation in lecture.(V)Phonation types.High scores are given for voice with breathy feature.(Ⅵ)Voice distance-to-mean.The distance approaching the average value denotes high voice attractiveness.Factors affecting the assessment of voice attractiveness encompass physiological,psychological,and social ones.For instance,physiological factors such as facial attractiveness and sex hormone are positively correlated with voice attractiveness;the identical voice is assessed with different scores owing to the listener's gender;languages with various cultural backgrounds differ in aesthetic foundation;scores of people with higher social status will be higher.As a series of factors are concerned in research on voice attractiveness,acoustic parameters are suggested to be considered together with physiological,psychological and social factors.At present,there still exist some inadequacies in research on voice attractiveness,to name only a few,unbalanced application of acoustic parameters,and lack of research methods,and few researches output from cross-language and cultural perspectives.To sum up,research on voice attractiveness involves complex issues of many fields.More researchers are required to devote to it from various angles with interdisciplinary and multiple methods.