湘乡方言

The Xiangxiang Dialect of Chinese

湘乡([cja■^(44)cja■^(44)])方言为汉语方言之一,主要分布于中国湖南省中部的湘乡城区(行政区划代码:CN-430381),使用人口约为88万5552人[27]。该方言归属于汉语十大方言之一的湘方言([cja■^(44)],ISO:639-3:[hsn])[39]②。湘方言可分为老湘语和新湘语[36,40],而湘乡方言常被认为是老湘语的代表点[27,40]。③此处“老”和“新”并不表示时间维度的先后,而指如今使用者保留湘方言历史变体的多寡。以往研究对湘乡方言的声韵调进行了基于印象的语音描写,如赵元任和吴宗济[38]、曾少达[37]和蒋军凤[27]等。基于作者的博士论文数据[20],本文对湘乡方言语音系统进行转写与归纳,以期呈现湘乡城区方言的语音表现。数据材料来自作者本人,女性,在湘乡生长至18岁后于异地求学,能流利使用湘乡方言。录音时年三十五岁上下,与父母进行日常交流时仍使用湘乡方言。本文的声调转写使用赵元任的五度标记法,即1为音高最低值,5为最高值[3]。

Xiangxiang([cja■^(44)cja■^(44)])is a Chinese dialect spoken by a population of 885,552 in the urban area of Xiangxiang(CN-430381),a city located in the centre of Hunan Province,China[27].It belongs to Xiang([cja■^(44)],ISO:639-3:[hsn]),which is one of the ten major dialect groups of Chinese(LAC 2012).Xiang has two main subgroups,New Xiang and Old Xiang(36,40),and Xiangxiang is often cited as a representative dialect of Old Xiang[22,27].Rather than denoting different historical stages,'old'and'new'reflect more and less conservative varieties among contemporary Xiang dialect speakers.Some impressionistic descriptions of the sounds and tones of Xiangxiang dialect will be found in Chao&Wu[38],S.Zeng[3]and Jiang[27].The current transcriptions and generalizations,which are based on the data gathered for T.Zeng[20],present a variety of the Xiangxiang dialect that is typical of the city of Xiangxiang.The recordings accompanying this Illustration are from the author,who is a fluent female speaker of the dialect variety.She was born and grew up in the city of Xiangxiang,residing there for 18 years until she moved to attend college.She was in her mid-thirties at the time of recording and still uses Xiangxiang in daily communication with her parents.Throughout this article,Chao tone numbers are used to transcribe the tones,whereby 1 denotes the lowest pitch and 5,the highest[3].