昆剧小生行当情感念白声学研究

An Acoustic Study on Young Man Role's Emotional Stage Speech in Kunqu Opera

昆剧被誉为中国戏曲的“百戏之祖”,涵括了个人特征迥异的多个行当,其中,扮演青少年男子的小生行是一个情感特征十分鲜明的行当。本文从声学角度对小生行当两位演员中性、高兴、悲伤、愤怒四种情感的音高、音强、音长三个语音要素特征进行了分析。结果发现,情感间存在多维度的差异。中性和高兴区分度相对较低;高兴和愤怒的音高平均水平高于中性和悲伤;中性、愤怒的音高变化幅度最大,而悲伤的音高变化最小;中性和高兴的音强平均水平和变化幅度大于愤怒和悲伤;悲伤的时长平均水平最长,而愤怒最短。音高和音长参数对情感类别划分有显著贡献。三种情感念白感知度间参数差异较小,悲伤程度主要受时长特征影响,高兴和愤怒程度与音高特征有关。昆剧小生行念白的情感表现伴随语音的声学特征变化,情感的表现是多维度声学特征共同作用的结果。

Kunqu Opera is regarded as the ancestor of Chinese opera,in which there are several roles with different personal characteristics.The Young Man Role is a male role with distinctive emotional features and acts as a young or middle-aged male personage.This study focused on the pitch,loudness and duration characteristics of four emotional stage speeches:neutral,happy,sad and angry,from the perspective of acoustics.The results showed that the acoustical parameters varied between emotions.Neutral and happy stage speeches share a lot of similarities.Happy and angry stage speeches have higher mean fundamental frequency than neutral and sad ones.Neutral and angry stage speeches demonstrate the largest fundamental frequency variations while the sad stage speech the smallest.Neutral and happy stage speeches show higher means and standard deviations of sound pressure level than sad and angry ones.For duration,the sad stage speech has the longest mean word length while the angry one has the shortest.The pitch and duration parameters contribute significantly to the classification of emotional categories.The differences between stage speeches with diverse affective intensity are small.The affective intensity of the sad stage speech is mainly influenced by the duration feature and that of happy and angry stage speeches is concerned with the pitch characteristics.In conclusion,the stage speeches of the Young Man Role exhibit different acoustic al features in different emotions.