元音和声调的相互作用——以侗语为例

Mutual Effect of Vowel and Tone Based on Dong language

本文以我国西南地区少数民族语言侗语为例,研究言语产生过程中元音和声调之间的相互影响。研究采用的参数有基频、第一共振峰和第二共振峰以及通过超声成像设备测量获得的舌面最高点。研究结果表明,元音的固有基频(Intrinsic Fundamental Frequency,IF0)在不同的声调中有所不同,男声和女声也表现出差异。女声中平调的固有基频显著高于低平调,高平调没有出现固有基频;男声的高平调固有基频略高于中平调,低平调没有固有基频。这一结论与固有基频随着基频高低呈梯度变化的假设不符。声调的高低对元音/a/的第一共振峰有显著影响。通过本研究,我们推测元音固有基频是元音产生过程中调音器官和发声器官耦合的结果。同时,我们发现超声设备不适合被用于观测这种由于发声和调音的耦合引起的舌面高低的微小变化。

The mutual effects of vowel and tone was investigated in Dong language,a minority language in the southwest of China.The parameters used in this study include the fundamental frequency,the first and the second formants and the highest point of the tongue surface measured from Ultrasound image.As a result,we found that the intrinsic fundamental frequency(IF0)of vowel in three different level tones is different:for female the IF0 of middle level tone is significantly higher than low level tone,there is no IF0 in high level tone;for male IF0 is a little bit higher in high level tone than middle level tone,there is no IF0 in low level tone.The result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that IF0 is gradient with respect to tone level.The tone level also has significant effect on the first formant of vowel/a/.According to this study,we can draw a conclusion that the formation of IF0 is an automatic consequence of vowel generation rather than intentionally exaggerating the differences and enhancing vowel contrast.We also found that the Ultrasound device was not appropriate in studying the subtle variation of tongue position coupling by larynx.