临沂方言降升调对立的感知实验

The Perceptual Experiment of the Contrasting Concave Tones in Linyi Dialect

本文以临沂方言两个对立的降升调声学数据为基础,使用PSOLA的方法合成了一系列用于感知实验的调模连续体,意图找出两个降升调的感知区别特征。结果显示,就区别特征而言只有折点的位置呈现出两个声调的类别感知界限;起点和终点的音高都表现出连续的感知状态,没有明显的类别界限,但起点和终点的相对音高关系却对感知结果有很大影响,当起点音高低于终点音高时,感知为阴平占绝对优势,反之则感知为去声占绝对优势;折点音高更低时对感知的趋势会有强化作用,却没有本质的影响,说明两个降升调没有在高/低的特征上形成对立。临沂方言降升调对立的声学区别特征在感知中权重不均衡,存在相互补偿的关系。对降升调的发声和感知互动机制的研究有助于我们深入探索降升调的发生及演变机制。

This paper conducts several perceptual experiments to find the perceptual distinguishing features of the two concave tones in the Linyi dialect.The stimuli used in these experiments are synthesized using the PSOLA method according to the acoustic data of the two tones.In terms of the distinguishing features,however,a continuous perceptual mode is perceived with both the starting and ending pitches of the contour.The acoustic characteristics distinguishing the two concave tones are not equally important in perceiving the two tones.There exists a mutually compensating dynamic among them.Moreover,of all the acoustic features,the position of the turning point,in other words the relative durational relationship between the falling and the rising parts of the concave tone,exerts the most influence in the perception of the two tones.The present study on the interaction mechanism of the production and perception of the concave tones is meaningful in helping us to understand more clearly the occurrence and evolution of the falling-rising contours in the Chinese language.