探讨近十年来黄芪多糖的作用机制研究进展

A review on the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide in recent ten years

中医治病利用中药对疾病的致病本质进行干预,从而达到治愈疾病的目的。不治已病治未病,不治已乱治未乱。黄芪为传统中药,具有广泛的药用价值。随着科学技术的高速发展,越来越多的研究者开始关注中药怎样通过对人体的干预从而达到治愈疾病的目的。黄芪是经过先辈们的考验留下来的一味药材,经过几千年的经验总结,黄芪具有补脾肺之气、升阳举陷、固表止汗、利尿消肿、托毒生肌等功效,在各个疾病中的治疗效果较好。研究者及学者为了解其治愈疾病的奥秘,利用分子生物技术对黄芪进行了研究及提取有效成分,通过查阅大量文献资料发现黄芪具有提高人体免疫力、促进机体代谢、强降压、保肝等药理作用,其有效成分包括黄芪总苷、黄芪甲苷,其中能力突出的有效成分就是黄芪多糖(Astragalus Polysaccharide,APS)。APS是在豆科植物黄芪中提取的水溶性杂多糖,根据黄芪的主治功效,阅读大量文献发现其主要成分具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、增强免疫力、抗衰老、抗辐射、抗应激、抗氧化等作用。随着时代的变化及生活环境的改变,对于肿瘤及免疫力下降而引发的疾病,急需在医疗中有重大的突破。文章将阐述近十年来APS的作用机制及最新的国内外研究进展,为临床用药治疗提供科学依据。

Traditional Chinese medicine uses traditional Chinese medicineal to intervene in the pathogenic essence of diseases,so as to achieve the goal of curing diseases.TCM emphasizes preventive treatment of diseases instead of curing the existing diseases,and establishing good order in stead of ruling in disorder.Astragalus is a kind of traditional Chinese medicineal and has extensive medicinal value.With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more researchers begin to pay attention to how traditional Chinese medicineal can achieve the goal of curing diseases by intervening in the human body.Astragalus is a kind of traditional Chinese medicineal left after the test of our ancestors.After thousands of years of experience,Astragalus has been proved that it has the effects of tonifying the spleen and lungs,raising Yang(阳)and lifting the depression,consolidating the surface and stopping perspiration,inducing diuresis to reduce edema,relieving toxin and generating muscle,etc.,and it has a good therapeutic effect on various diseases.In order to understand the mystery of its cure for diseases,researchers and scholars have used molecular biotechnology to study and extract the active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus.Through reviewing a large number of literature,it is found that Astragalus membranaceus has pharmacological effects such as improving human immunity,promoting body metabolism,high pressure relief and protecting the liver.Careful extraction of its active ingredients found that there are total Astragalus side and Astragaloside IV,among which the outstanding active ingredient is Astragalus polysaccharide(APS).APS is a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Astragalus membranaceus,a leguminous plant.According to the attending effects of Astragalus membranaceus,a lot of literature has found that its main components have anti-tumor,anti-virus,immunity enhancement,anti-aging,anti-radiation,anti-stress,anti-oxidation and other effects.With the change of times and living environment,there is an urgent need for a major breakthrough in medical treatment for diseases caused by tumor and immunity decline.This paper will describe the mechanism of APS and the latest research progress at home and abroad in the past decade,so as to provide the scientific basis for clinical drug medication.