《永乐大典》存卷收录宋元易学佚著三种探析

《永乐大典》存卷收录了二十余种现已亡佚的宋元易学著作,前人对此少有关注。其中,田畴《学易蹊径》、杨瀛《四尚易通》、苏起翁《读易记》三书皆以变卦解《易》为主要特色。南宋田畴《学易蹊径》从象数、义理两个方面运用变卦法注经,且尤重以正、变二卦之互体取象。此书常据他书所载三代史事或典章制度考证经文撰作之由,与东晋干宝援史证《易》之路数相近。杨瀛《四尚易通》运用变卦解经多集中在义理方面,风格与都絜《易变体义》相近。苏起翁《读易记》兼采义理与象数,对于变卦法之运用与田畴相似。该书与丁易东《易象义》在象数方面存在较多雷同之处,两书成书先后难以确考,但应具有某种承袭关系。将此三书与传世《易》注合观可知,沈该、都絜之狭义“变卦”法与朱震、丁易东之“变爻”取象法的区分,实质上是广义的变卦法在义理与象数两个运用路径上的区分。

The volume of Yongle Dadian quotes more than twenty kinds of lost works of Changes scholarship in the Song(960-1279)and Yuan(1271-1368)dynasties,which have received little attention from previous scholars.Among them,Tian Chou’s(169-214)A New Way to Yi,Yang Ying’s(897-920)Sishang Yitong and Su Qiweng’s Notes on Reading Yi all have the main characteristics of using changing hexagrams to interpret Yi.Tian Chou of the Southern Song dynasty(1127-1279)used the method of hexagram changes theory to annotate Yi scriptures in two respects:images and numbers,meanings and principles,especially taking images from two hexagrams identified as zheng(the original hexagram)and bian(changed hexagram).This book often used the historical events of the Three Dynasties period,or rules and regulations contained in other books to verify the reasons for the writing of the Book of Changes,which is similar to the ways in which Gan Bao of the Eastern Jin dynasty(317-420)quoting the history to prove the Book of Changes.Yang Ying’s Sishang Yitong mainly focuses on the meanings and principles with using of hexagram changes and its style is similar to that of Du Jie’s Yibian Tiyi.Su Qiweng’s Notes on Reading Yi adopts both meanings and principles,images and numbers.The application of hexagram changes method is similar to that of Tian Chou and with respect to images and numbers it has many similarities with Ding Yidong’s Images and Meanings of Yi.It is difficult to determine the composition date of the two books exactly,but they should have a certain inheritance relationship.From these three books and the received version of the Book of Changes,it can be seen that the distinction between Shen Gai and Du Jie’s narrow hexagram changes method and Zhu Zhen,Ding Yidong’s line changes method to get images is essentially the distinction between the two application paths of meanings and principles,images and numbers of the general hexagram changes method.