王弼“卦主说”新探

A New Study of Wang Bi’s Theory of “Hexagram Ruler”

“卦主说”是王弼在《明彖》中提出的一条重要解《易》体例。学者或以“卦主说”包含“二体说”,或以一卦有二主,皆是不明“卦主”内涵。“卦主说”的基本原理为从“卦体”中确定“卦主爻”,再由该爻统摄卦义,进而在此时境中理解各爻之义;其确立原则为找一卦之“中爻”或“少爻”,并以前者为主。“二体说”是以上下体之义明卦体,不属于“卦主说”,而是处理特殊情况“卦体不由乎爻”,且各体之义也以一爻为主。虽然王弼注文并未全尽各卦卦主,但很多卦的卦主其实可以根据此原理推断出来。孔颖达为调停讼卦注文中疑似存在的矛盾而提出的“一卦二主”说是错误的,讼卦卦主只有九五。

“The theory of hexagram ruler” proposed by Wang Bi(226-249) in the chapter Ming tuan(Illuminating the Commentary on the Judgments) is an important layout for understanding the Changes. Scholars either use the “hexagram ruler theory” to include the “two-body theory”, or consider that a hexagram has two rulers, both of which are unclear about the connotation of “hexagram ruler”. The basic principle of the “hexagram ruler theory” is to determine the dominant line in a hexagram, and then use the line to apprehend the meaning of the hexagram, so as to understand the meaning of each line in this context. Its established principle is to find the “central line” or a minority line, the former case playing a major role. The “two-body theory” is to use the upper and lower trigrams to clarify the whole hexagram body, which does not belong to the “hexagram ruler theory”, but deals with the special situation that “the hexagram body does not depend on one line”, and the meaning of each trigram body also depends on a ruling line. Although Wang Bi’s annotations did not cover each hexagram’s ruling line, many ruling lines can be inferred from this principle. Kong Yingda’s(574-648) theory of “one hexagram has two rulers”, which was put forward to mediate the suspected contradictions in Wang Bi’s annotation to hexagram Song [■, Contention, 6], is wrong. The ruler of hexagram Song is only the fifth line.