还理于《象》——叶适易学的破与立

Trace Principle Back to Images:Ye Shi’s Deconstruction and Reestablishment of Changes Scholarship

宋代理学以易学为理论架构,但各家立论不同决定了对易理的不同阐扬。叶适集永嘉事功学之成,与朱、陆鼎立。陆学以心为本,故叶适于易学尤以破程朱理学为主。叶适从文本与思想两方面否定《系辞传》与《序卦传》,主张以《象传》为依据,兼及《彖传》,还理于象,于事上呈现义理的丰富性,从而为事功学确立易学论据。

Neo-Confucianism in the Song dynasty(960-1279)took Changes scholarship as its theoretical framework,but the different standpoints of each school determined their differences in the understanding of the principle conceived in the Changes.Ye Shi(1150-1223)synthesized the achievements of the Yongjia Practical School,and formed a tripod with Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200)and Lu Jiuyuan’s(1139-1193)views.Lu’s outlook was based on the heart-mind theory,so Ye Shi particularly aimed at deconstructing Cheng Yi(1033-1107)and Zhu Xi’s principle-oriented doctrines.Ye Shi denied the Xici zhuan(Commentary on the Appended Phrases)and Xugua zhuan(Orderly Sequence of the Hexagrams)on the basis of both the text and ideology of the Changes,and advocated using the Xiang zhuan(Commentary on the Images)and partly the Tuan zhuan(Commentary on the Judgments)as the basis,by which he traced principle back to images and presented the richness of meanings and principles in concrete events and affairs.In this way he established the rationale for the Practical School on the basis of his Changes scholarship.