我国职业教育产教融合推进机制的历史脉络、现实困境与改革路向

The Historical Evolution,Current Predicaments and Reform Direction of the Promotion Mechanism of Industry-education Integration of Vocational Education in China

改革开放以来,我国职业教育产教融合推进机制持续改革,重点改革中央政府和地方政府及其部门之间的权责划分。先后经历了管理职权下放的职业教育产教融合初步探索阶段、社会力量参与的职业教育产教融合内涵深化阶段和多元主体协同的职业教育产教融合创新发展阶段。作为利益主体的中央政府、地方政府及其部门等主体对职业教育产教融合推进机制的效果期待不尽相同,往往会采取各种策略进行博弈。在博弈过程中,维护中央政府权威和保持地方政府政策执行灵活性的矛盾、不同政府部门多头管理致使政府权威碎片化、地方政府间争取优质教育资源以及“搭便车”行为和官员晋升竞争等问题制约着职业教育产教融合推进机制功能的发挥。为此,应整合各级政府之间的利益、强化中央政府的主导作用、调整地方政府的考核制度、推进产教融合实体化运作。

Since the dawn of the reform and opening-up,the promotion mechanism of the industry-education integration in China's vocational education has continued to reform,focusing on reforming the division of powers and responsibilities between the central government and local governments with their departments.It has experienced the preliminary exploration stage of industry-education integration in vocational education with decentralization of management authority,the deepening stage of the connotation of industryeducation integration of vocational education with the participation of social forces,also the stage of innovation and development of industry-education integration of vocational education with multi-subject coordination.As stakeholders,the central government,local governments and their departments have different expectations for the effect of the promotion mechanism of industry-education integration,and often adopt various strategies to play games.In the process of the game,there were the contradictions between maintaining the authority of the central government and maintaining the flexibility of local government policy implementation,the fragmentation of government authority caused by multiple management of different government departments,the struggle of local governments for highquality educational resources,and the“free rider”behavior and official promotion competition restrict the function of the promotion mechanism of vocational education.In the future,it is necessary to integrate the interests of governments at all levels,strengthen the leading role of the central government,adjust the assessment system of local governments and promote the physical operation of industry-education integration.