补偿教育视角下普职分流的价值意蕴与推进路径

The Value Implications and Promotion Paths of the Division of General and Vocational Education from the Perspective of Compensatory Education

新《职业教育法》用普职协调的表述取代了普职分流,这并不意味着完全否定普职分流,而是强调更深层次和更高质量的分流。历史上,关于普职分流的功能定位大致有社会本位观、因材施教观和教育分层观,但以上观点分别忽视了人的主体性、混淆了逻辑的主次顺序、遮蔽了分流的育人功能。从教育的育人属性看,补偿教育的视角为普职分流政策实施的合理性提供了一个适切分析框架,补偿教育的公正及关怀意识,可以为中职生创造新的学习起点,弱化中职生的历时性知识短板。补偿教育视角下普职分流的推进路径是:创新中考分流方式,提高中职生的教育信心及自我认同;强化职业教育类型特色,精准补偿中职生的知识短板;加强补偿政策供给倾斜,给予中职生享受优质教育资源的机会。

The new Vocational Education Law replaces the division of general and vocational education with the coordination between general and vocational education.This does not mean that it completely negates the division of general and vocational education,but emphasizes deeper and high-quality division.From the historical perspective,the functional positioning of the division of general and vocational education roughly includes the social standard view,the individualized education view,and the educational stratification view.However,the above viewpoints neglect the subjectivity of human beings,confuse the logical order of priority,and obscure the educational function of division.From the perspective of the educational attributes of education,the perspective of compensatory education provides an appropriate analytical framework for the rationality of the policy implementation of the division of general and vocational education.It compensates for the fairness and care consciousness of education,creates a new learning starting point for students with learning difficulties,and weakens the diachronic knowledge gaps of students with learning difficulties.From the perspective of compensatory education,the promotion paths of the division of general and vocational education should exert the caring consciousness of compensatory education,strengthen the educational confidence and self-identity of students with learning difficulties;improve the curriculum and teaching methods of vocational education,and accurately compensate for the knowledge shortcomings of students with learning difficulties;strengthen the supply tilt of compensation policies and provide opportunities for students with learning difficulties to enjoy high-quality educational resources.