现代化进程视域下中国特色学徒制的传统危机及化解之道

The Traditional Crisis of Apprenticeship System with Chinese Characteristics and Its Solution from the Perspective of Modernization Process

2022年新修订施行的《职业教育法》首次在国家法律层面对推行中国特色学徒制作出了制度设计,开启了中国式学徒制现代化之路。建设中国特色学徒制不仅要着力解决当代高技术技能人才培养难题,还要处理好现代化进程中本土与西方、传统与现代之间的关系。近现代以来,在追求现代化进程中,西方现代学徒制话语的不断输入,影响乃至切断了本土有序传承,造成了中国特色学徒制的传统危机。中国传统学徒制在传承过程中积累了深厚的理论资源、实践资源和文化资源,为建设中国特色学徒制提供了传统资源支持。但这些资源尚处于“冻结”状态,化解中国特色学徒制传统危机需唤醒“被冻结的资源”,进行传统学徒制资源的价值重估、话语重释与实践创新,探索出中国式学徒制现代化之路,助力中国高技术技能人才培养。

The newly revised“Vocational Education Law”proposes to implement the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics,which opened the way to modernize the apprenticeship system in Chinese style.The construction of the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics should not only focus on solving the contemporary problem of training highly skilled personnel,but also deal with the relationship between local and western,traditional and modern in the modernization process.Since modern times,in the pursuit of modernization process,the western modern apprenticeship discourse practice of continuous input,influence and even cut off the local orderly inheritance,caused the traditional crisis of Chinese characteristics of apprenticeship system.Chinese traditional apprenticeship system in the inheritance process has accumulated a deep theoretical resources,practical resources and cultural resources,these resources are still in the“frozen”state,for the construction of Chinese characteristics of apprenticeship system provides a traditional resource support.To solve the traditional crisis of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics,we need to reawaken the“frozen tradition”,reevaluate the traditional apprenticeship resources,reinterpret the discourse and innovate the practice,change the western apprenticeship discourse and practice,explore the modernization of Chinese apprenticeship,and help China’s high technical skills training.