职业教育“技术转向”的价值向度与实现路径

The Value Orientation and Realistic Paths of “Vocational Education”Transforming to “Vocational and Technical Education”

国家经济社会发展“十四五”规划中将职业教育表述为职业技术教育,新增的“技术”二字恰恰是增强职业教育适应性和人才服务能力的突破口和切入点,这是由职业教育与科技、产业联系紧密则必定内蕴“技术本性”所决定的。在新的历史方位下,职业教育“技术转向”具有多重价值:在国际向度上能够促进职业教育与国际标准接轨以提升“品牌影响力”,在科技向度上能够促进职业教育与科技进步接轨以增强“人才创造力”,在产业向度上能够促进职业教育与产业发展接轨以增强“人才服务力”,在人才向度上能够促进职业教育与人才成长接轨以增强“人才发展力”。职业教育的“技术转向”必须要统筹多方主体,凝聚合力。政府要以政策顶层设计构建职业教育“技术转向”的制度体系,发挥主导力量;学校要以要素统筹联动构建职业教育“技术转向”的内容体系,发挥主体力量;社会要以需求贯穿始终构建职业教育“技术转向”的目标体系,发挥主流力量;企业要以产业需求规束构建职业教育“技术转向”的实践体系,发挥主动力量。

In the National 14th Five-Year Plan, vocational education is expressed as vocational and technical education. The close ties between vocational education and technology and industry must imply“technical nature”, which determines that the newly added word “technology”is precisely the breakthrough and entry point for enhancing the adaptability of vocational education and its talents service capabilities. In the new historical position, the“technical shift”of vocational education has multiple values: it can promote the integration of vocational education with international standards in the international dimension to enhance its“brand influence”, it can promote the integration of vocational education and technological progress in the science and technology dimension to enhance the“talent creativity”,and it can promote the integration of vocational education and industrial development in the industry dimension to enhance“talent service capabilities”, and it can promote careers integrated education with the growth of talents in the talent dimension to enhance the“talent development ability”. The successful transformation of vocational and technical education must coordinate multiple subjects and cohesion.Specifically, the government must build a system of vocational and technical education with top-level policy design to play a leading role,schools must coordinate elements to build a content system for vocational and technical education to play the main force, the society must use demand throughout to construct the goal system of vocational and technical education to play the mainstream force, the enterprises must use industry demand to regulate the construction of the practice system of vocational and technical education to play the initiative.