民国时期私立职业教育发展历程及特征探析

On the Development Course and Characteristics of Private Vocational Education in the Republic of China

民国时期,私立职业教育的发展经历了初步萌芽期(1912-1926年)、持续发展期(1927-1936年)和挫折恢复期(1937-1949年)三个阶段。在这一演进历程中,私立职业教育的发展呈现出显著特征,即教师聘任从单一标准到多元评价的制度征程、学生培养从注重广度到专注深度的全面培养、课程设置从模仿借鉴到特色探索的中国之路、经费收支从入不敷出到开源节流的多重选择。探究民国时期私立职业教育的演进历程,对于推动我国当下私立职业教育高质量发展有一定的借鉴意义:一是增加扶持力度,完善经费补助政策;二是加快课程改革,构建“双师型”教师队伍;三是强化需求意识,完善校企合作制度;四是转变办学理念,突出以学生为本的教育价值取向。

During the period of the Republic of China,the development of private vocational education experienced three stages:initial germination stage(1912-1926),continuous development stage(1927-1936)and setback recovery stage(1937-1949),during the course of the evolution of private vocational education development present a remarkable feature,which from a single standard to teachers of diverse evaluation system course,students from the attention span to depth of focus of comprehensive training,curriculum from imitating reference to characteristic of exploring the road of China,funds balance of payments from living beyond its means to cut multiple choice.Exploring the evolution of private vocational education in the period of the Republic of China has certain reference significance for promoting the high-quality development of private vocational education in China.The first is to increase support and improve the subsidy policy.The second is to speed up the curriculum reform and build a team of double-qualified teachers.The third is to strengthen the awareness of demand and improve the school-enterprise cooperation system;The Fourth is to change the idea of running a school and highlight the value orientation of student-centered education.