地方普通本科院校向应用型转型的进展及其效果——基于组织转型的视角

Progress and Effect of Application-oriented Transformation in Local Universities——From the Perspective of Organizational Transformation

地方普通本科院校向应用型转型是组织"模板"的转变,并不仅仅是教学科研方式的变化;且教学和科研方式的变化会受到组织转型的影响,因此可以作为衡量组织整体转型效果的一个标准。基于北京大学教育经济研究所"2017年地方本科院校转型发展调查"的教师数据,来描述和分析地方本科院校向应用型转型在组织层次上的表现以及转型所产生的效果。研究发现:分院校类型看,新建本科院校在转型方面明显强于非省属重点大学的老本科院校;在地区间,新建本科院校的转型存在不均衡性,东中西部地区存在明显的"梯度差"或"扩散"现象;转型层次上,学校和院系的转型深入程度具有较高的一致性,学校层面和院系层面均转型深入(系统转型)与学校层面和院系层面均转型不深入(尚未开始/转型初期)的比例较高;转型效果上,新建本科院校中学校层面和院系层面均转型深入的学校在校企合作、课程设置及教学行为、应用型科研方面表现得更好。研究表明,整体上,我国地方普通本科院校向应用型的转型已经过发动阶段、试点与推广阶段,现在正逐步进入深度转型阶段,"十四五"期间需要区分不同地区不同类型分别施策,以使转型取得更好效果。

The transformation of local universities to application-oriented universities is the transformation of organizational"template",not just the change of teaching and research methods;And the change of teaching and research methods will be affected by organizational transformation,so it can be used as a standard to measure the effect of organizational transformation.Based on the teacher data of"2017 Survey on The Transformation and Development of Local Undergraduate Universities"by Institute of Educational Economics of Peking University,this study describes and analyzes the performance and effect of local undergraduate universities’application-oriented transformation in organizational level.It is found that in terms of the types of universities,the transformation of newly-established colleges and universities is obviously stronger than that of non-provincial key universities;In terms of region,the transformation of newly-built undergraduate universities still has uneven development,and there is an obvious"gradient difference"or"diffusion"phenomenon in different regions;In terms of transformation level,schools have a high consistency with university in the depth of transformation,schools have a high proportion in the type of both transformation deeply(system transformation),and also have a high proportion in the type of both transformation incomplete(not yet begun or in the early stage);In terms of transformation effect,deeply transformed newly-established universities have better performance in school-enterprise cooperation,curriculum setting and teaching behavior,and application-oriented scientific research.The research shows that,on the whole,the transformation of local undergraduate universities to application-oriented universities in China has gone through the stages of launching,pilot and promotion,and now it is gradually entering the stage of deep transformation.During the"Fourteenth Five Year Plan"period,it is necessary to distinguish different regions and different types,and implement policies respectively,so as to achieve better results.